PMID- 32035364
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200914
LR  - 20240324
IS  - 1873-6750 (Electronic)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Linking)
VI  - 137
DP  - 2020 Apr
TI  - Mycotoxin exposure assessments in a multi-center European validation study by 
      24-hour dietary recall and biological fluid sampling.
PG  - 105539
LID - S0160-4120(19)34506-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105539 [doi]
AB  - The European Food Consumption Validation (EFCOVAL) project includes 600 men and 
      women from Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, the Netherlands, and Norway, who 
      had given serum and 24-hour urine samples, and completed 24-hour dietary recall 
      (24-HDR) interviews. Consumption, according to 24-HDR, was matched against the 
      European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) databases of mycotoxin contaminations, via 
      the FoodEx1 standard classifications, producing an indirect external estimate of 
      dietary mycotoxin exposure. Direct, internal measurements of dietary mycotoxin 
      exposure were made in serum and urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography 
      coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. For the first time, mycotoxin exposures were 
      thoroughly compared between two 24-HDRs, and two 24-hour urine samples collected 
      during the same days covered by the 24-HDRs. These measurements were compared to 
      a single-time point serum measurement to investigate evidence of chronic 
      mycotoxin exposure. According to 24-HDR data, all 600 individuals were exposed to 
      between 4 and 34 mycotoxins, whereof 10 found to exceed the tolerable daily 
      intake. Correlations were observed between two time points, and significant 
      correlations were observed between concentrations in serum and urine. However, 
      only acetyldeoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, and sterigmatocystin were found to have 
      significant positive correlations between 24-HDR exposures and serum, while 
      aflatoxin G1 and G2, HT-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol were associated between 
      concurrent 24-HDR and 24-hour urine. Substantial agreements on quantitative 
      levels between serum and urine were observed for the groups Type B Trichothecenes 
      and Zearalenone. Further research is required to bridge the interpretation of 
      external and internal exposure estimates of the individual on a time scale of 
      hours. Additionally, metabolomic profiling of dietary mycotoxin exposures could 
      help with a comprehensive assessment of single time-point exposures, but also 
      with the identification of chronic exposure biomarkers. Such detailed 
      characterization informs population exposure assessments, and aids in the 
      interpretation of epidemiological health outcomes related to multi-mycotoxin 
      exposure.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
FAU - De Ruyck, Karl
AU  - De Ruyck K
AD  - Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of 
      Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
FAU - Huybrechts, Inge
AU  - Huybrechts I
AD  - International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Nutritional Epidemiology 
      Group, Lyon, France.
FAU - Yang, Shupeng
AU  - Yang S
AD  - Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 
      Beijing, China.
FAU - Arcella, Davide
AU  - Arcella D
AD  - European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy.
FAU - Claeys, Liesel
AU  - Claeys L
AD  - Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of 
      Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
FAU - Abbeddou, Souheila
AU  - Abbeddou S
AD  - Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent 
      University, Ghent, Belgium.
FAU - De Keyzer, Willem
AU  - De Keyzer W
AD  - Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
FAU - De Vries, Jeanne
AU  - De Vries J
AD  - Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, 
      Wageningen, the Netherlands.
FAU - Ocke, Marga
AU  - Ocke M
AD  - National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Ruprich, Jiri
AU  - Ruprich J
AD  - National Institute of Public Health, Department for Health, Nutrition and Food, 
      Brno, Czech Republic.
FAU - De Boevre, Marthe
AU  - De Boevre M
AD  - Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of 
      Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
FAU - De Saeger, Sarah
AU  - De Saeger S
AD  - Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Faculty of 
      Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: 
      sarah.desaeger@ugent.be.
LA  - eng
GR  - 001/WHO_/World Health Organization/International
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Validation Study
DEP - 20200205
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Int
JT  - Environment international
JID - 7807270
RN  - 0 (Mycotoxins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Belgium
MH  - Czech Republic
MH  - Diet
MH  - *Environmental Exposure
MH  - Female
MH  - *Food Contamination
MH  - France
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Mycotoxins
MH  - Netherlands
MH  - Norway
MH  - Self Report
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aflatoxins
OT  - Deoxynivalenol
OT  - Europe
OT  - Exposure
OT  - Mycotoxins
OT  - Risk
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/02/09 06:00
MHDA- 2020/09/15 06:00
CRDT- 2020/02/09 06:00
PHST- 2019/12/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/01/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/02/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/09/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/09 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0160-4120(19)34506-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105539 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Int. 2020 Apr;137:105539. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105539. Epub 2020 
      Feb 5.