PMID- 32051926
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240331
IS  - 2474-7882 (Electronic)
IS  - 2474-7882 (Linking)
VI  - 3
IP  - 5
DP  - 2019 Oct
TI  - Joint and independent neurotoxic effects of early life exposures to a chemical 
      mixture: A multi-pollutant approach combining ensemble learning and 
      g-computation.
LID - 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000063 [doi]
LID - e063
AB  - BACKGROUND: Exposure to mercury (Hg) is associated with adverse developmental 
      effects. However, Hg occurs with a multitude of chemicals. We assessed the 
      associations of developmental exposure to multiple pollutants with children's 
      neurodevelopment using a novel approach. METHODS: Hg, polychlorinated biphenyls 
      (PCBs), and perfluoroalkyl substances were measured in maternal and children's 
      blood at 5-years (n=449 and 419). At 7-years, children were administered Boston 
      Naming Test (BNT) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). We used 
      the G-formula combined with SuperLearner to estimate independent and joint 
      effects of chemicals at both ages. We constructed flexible exposure-response 
      relationships and assessed interactions. RESULTS: Most chemicals showed negative 
      relationships with BNT scores. An inter-quartile range (IQR) increase in maternal 
      Hg and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was associated with 0.15 standard deviation 
      [SD] (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -0.29,-0.03) and 0.14 SD (95%CI: -0.26,-0.05) 
      lower scores in BNT, whereas a joint IQR increase in the mixture of chemicals was 
      associated with 0.48 SD (95%CI: -0.69,-0.25) lower scores in BNT. An IQR increase 
      in PFOA was associated with 0.11 SD (95%CI: 0.02,0.26) higher total SDQ 
      difficulties scores. Maternal  summation operatorPCBs concentrations were associated with lower SDQ 
      scores (beta=-0.09 SD; 95%CI: -0.19,0), whereas 5-years  summation operatorPCBs showed a negative 
      association (beta=-0.09 SD; 95%CI: -0.21,0). Finally, a joint IQR increase in the 
      mixture was associated with 0.22 SD (95%CI: 0.04,0.4) higher SDQ scores. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Using a novel statistical approach, we confirmed associations 
      between prenatal mercury exposure and lower cognitive function. The potential 
      developmental effects of PFASs need additional attention.
FAU - Oulhote, Youssef
AU  - Oulhote Y
AD  - Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health 
      Sciences, UMASS- Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
AD  - Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 
      Boston, MA, USA.
FAU - Coull, Brent
AU  - Coull B
AD  - Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 
      Boston, MA, USA.
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 
      MA, USA.
FAU - Bind, Marie-Abele
AU  - Bind MA
AD  - Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, 
      Cambridge, MA, USA.
FAU - Debes, Frodi
AU  - Debes F
AD  - Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Faroese Hospital System, 
      Torshavn, Faroe Islands.
FAU - Nielsen, Flemming
AU  - Nielsen F
AD  - Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
FAU - Tamayo, Ibon
AU  - Tamayo I
AD  - Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, 
      Cambridge, MA, USA.
FAU - Weihe, Pal
AU  - Weihe P
AD  - Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Faroese Hospital System, 
      Torshavn, Faroe Islands.
FAU - Grandjean, Philippe
AU  - Grandjean P
AD  - Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 
      Boston, MA, USA.
AD  - Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
LA  - eng
GR  - DP5 OD021412/OD/NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 ES021993/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Epidemiol
JT  - Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
JID - 101719527
PMC - PMC7015154
MID - NIHMS1536289
COIS- P.G. served as a health expert for the State of Minnesota in a recent lawsuit 
      against a PFAS-producing company. The other authors have no conflicts to report. 
      Supported by the National Science Foundation-National Institutes of Health' 
      Oceans and Human Health Program (OCE-1321612). Sponsorships or competing 
      interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of the 
      article.
EDAT- 2020/02/14 06:00
MHDA- 2020/02/14 06:01
PMCR- 2019/09/23
CRDT- 2020/02/14 06:00
PHST- 2020/02/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/02/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/02/14 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000063 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Epidemiol. 2019 Oct;3(5):e063. doi: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000063.