PMID- 32056969
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201201
LR  - 20201201
IS  - 1873-4235 (Electronic)
IS  - 0956-5663 (Linking)
VI  - 154
DP  - 2020 Apr 15
TI  - An internet of things-based intensity and time-resolved fluorescence reader for 
      point-of-care testing.
PG  - 112074
LID - S0956-5663(20)30071-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112074 [doi]
AB  - A miniature internet of things (IoT)-based point-of-care testing (PoCT) 
      fluorescence reader, able to perform both intensity and time-resolved 
      measurements of different fluorescent tags, is presented. This low cost platform 
      has been conceived for performing tests in low-resource and remote settings, 
      displaying versatile performance and yet simple operation. It consists on an 
      external case of 43 x 30 x 42 mm(3) (built in a 3D-printer) where all the 
      elements are fixed, including some basic optics (3 lenses and 2 filters), a laser 
      diode and a custom designed Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) camera. Both, 
      the laser and the camera are controlled by a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) 
      with IoT capabilities. The PoCT was validated by detecting Plasmodium antigen in 
      a fluorescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a fluorescence 
      substrate. The results were compared to those provided in parallel by two 
      commercial fluorescent plate readers. As it will be shown, the PoCT fluorescent 
      readout was more sensitive than its colorimetric counterpart. Furthermore, the 
      PoCT displayed similar signal trends and levels of detection than the bulkier and 
      more expensive commercial fluorescence plate readers. These results demonstrate 
      that the PoCT platform developed could bring the performance of central 
      laboratory assay techniques closer to the end-user level.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Alonso, O
AU  - Alonso O
AD  - Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, 
      Carrer Marti i Franques. 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: 
      oalonso@el.ub.edu.
FAU - Franch, N
AU  - Franch N
AD  - Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, 
      Carrer Marti i Franques. 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Canals, J
AU  - Canals J
AD  - Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, 
      Carrer Marti i Franques. 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Arias-Alpizar, K
AU  - Arias-Alpizar K
AD  - Diagnostic Nanotools Group, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Research Center 
      for Nanomedicine (CIBBIM-Nanomedicine), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Research Institute 
      (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - de la Serna, E
AU  - de la Serna E
AD  - Diagnostic Nanotools Group, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Research Center 
      for Nanomedicine (CIBBIM-Nanomedicine), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Research Institute 
      (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Baldrich, E
AU  - Baldrich E
AD  - Diagnostic Nanotools Group, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Research Center 
      for Nanomedicine (CIBBIM-Nanomedicine), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Research Institute 
      (VHIR), Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de 
      Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
FAU - Dieguez, A
AU  - Dieguez A
AD  - Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, 
      Carrer Marti i Franques. 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200207
PL  - England
TA  - Biosens Bioelectron
JT  - Biosensors & bioelectronics
JID - 9001289
SB  - IM
MH  - *Biosensing Techniques
MH  - Colorimetry
MH  - *Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Equipment Design
MH  - Fluorescence
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Internet of Things
MH  - Photons
MH  - Point-of-Care Testing
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Decay time
OT  - Malaria diagnosis
OT  - Miniature fluorescent microscope
OT  - Rapid diagnostic test (RDT)
OT  - SPADs detector
OT  - Single board computer (SBC)
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/02/15 06:00
MHDA- 2020/12/02 06:00
CRDT- 2020/02/15 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/02/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/02/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/12/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/15 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0956-5663(20)30071-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112074 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biosens Bioelectron. 2020 Apr 15;154:112074. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112074. 
      Epub 2020 Feb 7.