PMID- 32057836
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210104
LR  - 20210602
IS  - 1879-3177 (Electronic)
IS  - 0887-2333 (Print)
IS  - 0887-2333 (Linking)
VI  - 65
DP  - 2020 Jun
TI  - Alterations in macrophage phagocytosis and inflammatory tone following exposure 
      to the organochlorine compounds oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor.
PG  - 104791
LID - S0887-2333(19)30785-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104791 [doi]
AB  - The role of macrophages in the innate immune response cannot be underscored 
      however recent studies have demonstrated that both resident and recruited 
      macrophages have critical roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction. 
      Given the recent data implicating exposure to persistent organic pollutants 
      (POPs) in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, the current study was designed 
      to examine the effects of the highly implicated organochlorine (OC) compounds 
      oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor on overall macrophage function. Murine J774A.1 
      macrophages were exposed to trans-nonachlor or oxychlordane (0 - 20 microM) for 24 
      hours then phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial 
      membrane potential, caspase activities, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and 
      macrophage plasticity were assessed. Overall, exposure to oxychlordane 
      significantly decreased macrophage phagocytosis while both OC compounds 
      significantly increased ROS generation. Exposure to trans-nonachlor significantly 
      increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-6 
      whereas oxychlordane had a biphasic effect on TNFalpha secretion. However, both 
      oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor decreased basal expression of the M1 
      pro-inflammatory marker cyclooxygenase 2. Taken together, these data indicate 
      that exposure to these two OC compounds have both compound and concentration 
      dependent effects on macrophage function which may alter both the innate immune 
      response and impact metabolic function of key organs involved in metabolic 
      diseases.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Young, Darian
AU  - Young D
AD  - Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center 
      Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
FAU - Worrell, Aren
AU  - Worrell A
AD  - Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center 
      Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
FAU - McDevitt, Erin
AU  - McDevitt E
AD  - Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center 
      Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
FAU - Henein, Lucie
AU  - Henein L
AD  - Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center 
      Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
FAU - Howell, George E 3rd
AU  - Howell GE 3rd
AD  - Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 240 Wise Center 
      Drive, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.. Electronic address: 
      geh3@msstate.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - R21 ES030786/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200210
PL  - England
TA  - Toxicol In Vitro
JT  - Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with 
      BIBRA
JID - 8712158
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Insecticides)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 12789-03-6 (Chlordan)
RN  - 27304-13-8 (oxychlordane)
RN  - 3734-49-4 (nonachlor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Chlordan/*analogs & derivatives/toxicity
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*toxicity
MH  - Inflammation
MH  - Insecticides/*toxicity
MH  - Macrophages/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
MH  - Mice
MH  - Oxidative Stress/drug effects
MH  - Phagocytosis/drug effects
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
PMC - PMC7152568
MID - NIHMS1565549
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Inflammation
OT  - Macrophage
OT  - Oxychlordane
OT  - Persistent organic pollutant
OT  - Phagocytosis
OT  - Trans-nonachlor
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/02/15 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/05 06:00
PMCR- 2021/06/01
CRDT- 2020/02/15 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/02/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/02/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0887-2333(19)30785-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104791 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Toxicol In Vitro. 2020 Jun;65:104791. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104791. Epub 2020 
      Feb 10.