PMID- 32062276
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200324
LR  - 20200324
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 717
DP  - 2020 May 15
TI  - Wide exposure of persistent organic pollutants (PoPs) in natural waters and 
      sediments of the densely populated Western Bengal basin, India.
PG  - 137187
LID - S0048-9697(20)30697-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137187 [doi]
AB  - Drinking water stress in South Asia is now widely known as a global paradigm. 
      Extensive geogenic groundwater pollution is known in this area for a long time, 
      specifically in the densely populated (~40 million) Western Bengal basin (WBB) of 
      the state of West Bengal, India. Though anthropogenic-sourced groundwater 
      pollution has been long suspected, it has been only sporadically reported thus 
      far. The present study provides one of the first documentation of widespread 
      existence and distribution of persistent organic pollutants [PoPs, e.g. pesticide 
      (2014-2016) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (2015)] in the Ganges 
      river (32 locations) water and groundwater (235 locations) of the WBB. All 
      locations were found to have at least one of the 40 detected pesticides 
      [predominated by Atrazine (0.95-3.93 mug/L) and Malathion (150-9330 mug/L)], their 
      derivatives [e.g. Malaoxon (410-1420 mug/L)] and/or 16 PAHs [e.g. Naphthalene 
      (4.9-10.6 mug/L), Phenanthrene (3.32-6.61 mug/L)]. Atrazine and Malathion were 
      found to have concentrations up to 46 times higher than the permissible limits. 
      Similar to pesticides in water, most of the sediment samples investigated obtain 
      Malathion (56-200 mug/kg), malaoxon (>900 mug/kg). Sediment samples collected from 
      10-20 cm to 20-30 cm depth showed total PAHs concentration of 2.02 and 1.95 mug/kg 
      respectively. While herbicides were found to be more common in agricultural 
      areas, insecticides and PAHs dominate in urban areas, suggesting land-use to be 
      an important controlling factor. An estimated 53% of urban and 44% of rural 
      residents (~20 million total residents, including those in cosmopolitan areas of 
      Kolkata) are potentially exposed to PoPs pollution in drinking water, in addition 
      to much ill-famed geogenic, groundwater arsenic pollution exposure known from 
      this area.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Duttagupta, Srimanti
AU  - Duttagupta S
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology 
      Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India. Electronic address: 
      srimanti.duttagupta@gmail.com.
FAU - Mukherjee, Abhijit
AU  - Mukherjee A
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology 
      Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian 
      Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India. Electronic address: 
      amukh2@gmail.com.
FAU - Bhattacharya, Animesh
AU  - Bhattacharya A
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology 
      Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; Water & Sanitation Support Organization, 
      Public Health Engineering Department, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata 700001, 
      India. Electronic address: animeshbhat@gmail.com.
FAU - Bhattacharya, Jayanta
AU  - Bhattacharya J
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology 
      Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India; Department of Mining Engineering, Indian 
      Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India. Electronic address: 
      jayantab@mining.iitkgp.ernet.in.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200207
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Groundwater
OT  - Land-use
OT  - River water
OT  - Sediment
OT  - Western Bengal basin
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/02/18 06:00
MHDA- 2020/02/18 06:01
CRDT- 2020/02/17 06:00
PHST- 2019/07/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/02/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/02/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/02/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/02/18 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/17 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(20)30697-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137187 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2020 May 15;717:137187. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137187. 
      Epub 2020 Feb 7.