PMID- 32102173
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2076-2615 (Print)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-2615 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 2
DP  - 2020 Feb 23
TI  - Rumen-Protected Glucose Stimulates the Insulin-Like Growth Factor System and 
      mTOR/AKT Pathway in the Endometrium of Early Postpartum Dairy Cows.
LID - 10.3390/ani10020357 [doi]
LID - 357
AB  - This study aimed to elucidate the effects of a dietary rumen-protected glucose 
      (RPG) addition on uterine involution through the analysis of an insulin-like 
      growth factor (IGF) system and associated pathways in the post-natal endometrium. 
      Twelve Holstein cows were assigned equally to two groups: a control group (CT) 
      and an RPG group (200 g of RPG per cow per day). The plasma content of 
      insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was determined by using the ELISA method. 
      Expressions of IGF members, the matrix metalloproteinase, protein kinase B 
      (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex1 (mTOR) signaling pathway, and cell 
      proliferation factors (proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67) were 
      detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, 
      immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, respectively. The results showed 
      that the positive cells of PCNA and Ki67 were increased in the endometrium of RPG 
      versus CT cows. The RPG addition significantly increased the plasma IGF1 level 14 
      d after delivery. The mRNA expressions of the IGF family members (IGF1, IGF2, 
      type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP1, IGFBP2, IGFBP4 and 
      IGFBP5)) were upregulated, and mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase MMP3 
      and MMP9 were downregulated in cows from the RPG group compared with the CT 
      group. Meanwhile, the protein expressions of IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, IGFBP1 and IGFBP4 
      were upregulated in cows from the RPG group compared with the CT group. 
      Immunohistochemical analysis identified a positive response for IGF1R and IGF2R 
      in the endometrium of RPG versus CT cows. Furthermore, the RPG supplementation 
      increased the protein expressions of phosphorylated (p)-AKT to total AKT and 
      p-mTOR to total mTOR ratio in the endometrium. The current results indicated that 
      the RPG supplementation promoted the proliferation of endometrial cells by 
      stimulating the IGFs and mTOR/AKT pathway in the early post-natal endometrium of 
      dairy cows.
FAU - Wang, Yan
AU  - Wang Y
AD  - CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National 
      Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock 
      and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & 
      Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese 
      Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
AD  - College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 
      410128, China.
AD  - College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science 
      and Technology, Loudi 417000, China.
FAU - Han, Xuefeng
AU  - Han X
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1427-5198
AD  - CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National 
      Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock 
      and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & 
      Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese 
      Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
FAU - Tan, Zhiliang
AU  - Tan Z
AD  - CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National 
      Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock 
      and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & 
      Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese 
      Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
FAU - Kang, Jinhe
AU  - Kang J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9805-1695
AD  - CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National 
      Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock 
      and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & 
      Physiology and Metabolism, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese 
      Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
FAU - Wang, Zheng
AU  - Wang Z
AD  - College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 
      410128, China.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2016YFD0501206, 2016YFD0501206, and 2018YFD0501604/National Key Research and 
      Development Program of China/
GR  - 2017NK1020/Major Project of Hunan Province/
GR  - KFJ-STS-ZDTP-056/CAS Science and Technology Service Network Initiative/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200223
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Animals (Basel)
JT  - Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
JID - 101635614
PMC - PMC7071121
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cow
OT  - endometrium
OT  - involution
OT  - rumen-protected glucose
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2020/02/28 06:00
MHDA- 2020/02/28 06:01
PMCR- 2020/02/23
CRDT- 2020/02/28 06:00
PHST- 2020/01/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/02/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/02/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/02/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/02/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/02/28 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ani10020357 [pii]
AID - animals-10-00357 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ani10020357 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Animals (Basel). 2020 Feb 23;10(2):357. doi: 10.3390/ani10020357.