PMID- 32110025
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220413
IS  - 1176-6328 (Print)
IS  - 1178-2021 (Electronic)
IS  - 1176-6328 (Linking)
VI  - 16
DP  - 2020
TI  - Precision Medicine of Sodium Benzoate for the Treatment of Behavioral and 
      Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD).
PG  - 509-518
LID - 10.2147/NDT.S234371 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are 
      associated with poorer prognosis of dementia. A 24-week study demonstrated that 
      sodium benzoate, a D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitor, surpassed placebo in 
      improving cognitive function in early-phase Alzheimer's disease; however, 
      benzoate did not excel placebo in another 6-week study on BPSD. The current study 
      examined whether the precision medicine approach was able to identify specific 
      individuals with BPSD who could benefit from benzoate treatment. METHODS: In the 
      randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week trial, 97 patients with BPSD 
      were allocated to receive 250-1500 mg/day of sodium benzoate or placebo. 
      Cognitive function was measured by the Alzheimer's disease assessment 
      scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and behavioral and psychological symptoms 
      were mainly measured by Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale 
      (BEHAVE-AD). DAAO level, amino acids (L-serine, D-serine, L-alanine, and 
      D-alanine, glycine), and two antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase) were 
      assayed in peripheral blood. RESULTS: After benzoate treatment, DAAO inhibition 
      was correlated with ADAS-cog decrease (p = 0.034), while baseline DAAO level was 
      correlated with baseline BEHAVE-AD score. Multiple linear regression analyses 
      showed that cognitive improvement after benzoate treatment was correlated with 
      DAAO decrease, female gender, younger age, BMI, baseline BPSD severity, and 
      antipsychotic use. CONCLUSION: The finding suggests that sodium benzoate may have 
      potential to benefit cognitive function in a fraction of BPSD patients after 6 
      weeks of treatment. Of note, the precision medicine approach may be helpful for 
      identifying individuals who could respond to benzoate. More studies are warranted 
      to confirm the preliminary findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered 
      online (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02103673).
CI  - (c) 2020 Lin et al.
FAU - Lin, Chieh-Hsin
AU  - Lin CH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6949-8968
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung 
      University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
AD  - Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 
      Taiwan.
AD  - School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
FAU - Yang, Hui-Ting
AU  - Yang HT
AD  - School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
FAU - Chen, Ping-Kun
AU  - Chen PK
AD  - School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
FAU - Wang, Shi-Heng
AU  - Wang SH
AD  - Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 
      Taiwan.
FAU - Lane, Hsien-Yuan
AU  - Lane HY
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2162-8174
AD  - Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 
      Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical 
      University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
AD  - Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia 
      University, Taichung, Taiwan.
LA  - eng
SI  - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02103673
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200220
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat
JT  - Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment
JID - 101240304
PMC - PMC7039065
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BPSD
OT  - D-amino acids oxidase
OT  - DAAO
OT  - N-methyl-D-aspartate
OT  - behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
OT  - inhibitor
OT  - precision medicine
OT  - sodium benzoate
COIS- All authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
EDAT- 2020/02/29 06:00
MHDA- 2020/02/29 06:01
PMCR- 2020/02/20
CRDT- 2020/02/29 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/02/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/02/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/02/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/02/29 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 234371 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/NDT.S234371 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020 Feb 20;16:509-518. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S234371. 
      eCollection 2020.