PMID- 32116612
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 1662-5161 (Print)
IS  - 1662-5161 (Electronic)
IS  - 1662-5161 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2020
TI  - Modulating Brain Networks With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over the Primary 
      Motor Cortex: A Concurrent TMS/fMRI Study.
PG  - 31
LID - 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00031 [doi]
LID - 31
AB  - Stimulating the primary motor cortex (M1) using transcranial magnetic stimulation 
      (TMS) causes unique multisensory experience such as the targeted muscle activity, 
      afferent/reafferent sensory feedback, tactile sensation over the scalp and 
      "click" sound. Although the human M1 has been intensively investigated using TMS, 
      the experience of the M1 stimulation has not been elucidated at the whole brain. 
      Here, using concurrent TMS/fMRI, we investigated the acute effect of the M1 
      stimulation of functional brain networks during task and at rest. A short train 
      of 1 Hz TMS pulses applied to individuals' hand area in the M1 during motor 
      execution or at rest. Employing the independent component analysis (ICA), we 
      showed the M1 stimulation decreased the motor networks activity when the networks 
      were engaged in the task and increased the deactivation of networks when the 
      networks were not involved in the ongoing task. The M1 stimulation induced the 
      activation in the key networks involved in bodily self-consciousness (BSC) 
      including the insular and rolandic operculum systems regardless of states. The 
      degree of activation in these networks was prominent at rest compared to task 
      conditions, showing the state-dependent TMS effect. Furthermore, we demonstrated 
      that the M1 stimulation modulated other domain-general networks such as the 
      default mode network (DMN) and attention network and the inter-network 
      connectivity between these networks. Our results showed that the M1 stimulation 
      induced the widespread changes in the brain at the targeted system as well as 
      non-motor, remote brain networks, specifically related to the BSC. Our findings 
      shed light on understanding the neural mechanism of the complex and multisensory 
      experience of the M1 stimulation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Jung, Bungert, Bowtell and Jackson.
FAU - Jung, JeYoung
AU  - Jung J
AD  - School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
AD  - Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South 
      Korea.
FAU - Bungert, Andreas
AU  - Bungert A
AD  - Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, 
      Nottingham, United Kingdom.
FAU - Bowtell, Richard
AU  - Bowtell R
AD  - Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, 
      Nottingham, United Kingdom.
FAU - Jackson, Stephen R
AU  - Jackson SR
AD  - School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
AD  - Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South 
      Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200214
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Hum Neurosci
JT  - Frontiers in human neuroscience
JID - 101477954
PMC - PMC7033446
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - bodily self-consciousness
OT  - concurrent TMS/fMRI
OT  - functional brain networks
OT  - insular
OT  - primary motor cortex
OT  - rolandic operculum
EDAT- 2020/03/03 06:00
MHDA- 2020/03/03 06:01
PMCR- 2020/01/01
CRDT- 2020/03/03 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/03/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/03/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/03/03 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00031 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Feb 14;14:31. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00031. eCollection 
      2020.