PMID- 32121251
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201125
LR  - 20240328
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 5
DP  - 2020 Feb 28
TI  - Oral Microbes and Mucosal Dendritic Cells, "Spark and Flame" of Local and Distant 
      Inflammatory Diseases.
LID - 10.3390/ijms21051643 [doi]
LID - 1643
AB  - Mucosal health and disease is mediated by a complex interplay between the 
      microbiota ("spark") and the inflammatory response ("flame"). Pathobionts, a 
      specific class of microbes, exemplified by the oral microbe Porphyromonas 
      gingivalis, live mostly "under the radar" in their human hosts, in a cooperative 
      relationship with the indigenous microbiota. Dendritic cells (DCs), mucosal 
      immune sentinels, often remain undisturbed by such microbes and do not alert 
      adaptive immunity to danger. At a certain tipping point of inflammation, an 
      "awakening" of pathobionts occurs, wherein their active growth and virulence are 
      stimulated, leading to a dysbiosis. Pathobiont becomes pathogen, and commensal 
      becomes accessory pathogen. The local inflammatory outcome is the Th17-mediated 
      degenerative bone disease, periodontitis (PD). In systemic circulation of PD 
      subjects, inflammatory DCs expand, carrying an oral microbiome and promoting Treg 
      and Th17 responses. At distant peripheral sites, comorbid diseases including 
      atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, macular degeneration, chronic kidney 
      disease, and others are reportedly induced. This review will review the 
      immunobiology of DCs, examine the complex interplay of microbes and DCs in the 
      pathogenesis of PD and its comorbid inflammatory diseases, and discuss the role 
      of apoptosis and autophagy in this regard. Overall, the pathophysiological 
      mechanisms of DC-mediated chronic inflammation and tissue destruction will be 
      summarized.
FAU - Meghil, Mohamed M
AU  - Meghil MM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2344-3579
AD  - Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, 
      Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
FAU - Cutler, Christopher W
AU  - Cutler CW
AD  - Department of Periodontics, The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, 
      Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - to improve Kidney transplant outcomes in Georgia/The Carlos and Marguerite Mason 
      trust/
GR  - R01 DE014328/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20200228
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Autophagy
MH  - Dendritic Cells/*pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/*pathology
MH  - *Microbiota
MH  - Mouth Diseases/*microbiology
MH  - Mouth Mucosa/*microbiology/*pathology
PMC - PMC7084622
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dendritic cells
OT  - immunology
OT  - periodontitis
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/03/04 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/26 06:00
PMCR- 2020/03/01
CRDT- 2020/03/04 06:00
PHST- 2020/01/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/02/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/02/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/03/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/03/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms21051643 [pii]
AID - ijms-21-01643 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms21051643 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 28;21(5):1643. doi: 10.3390/ijms21051643.