PMID- 32128023 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240328 IS - 1939-4551 (Print) IS - 1939-4551 (Electronic) IS - 1939-4551 (Linking) VI - 13 IP - 2 DP - 2020 Feb TI - IgE allergy diagnostics and other relevant tests in allergy, a World Allergy Organization position paper. PG - 100080 LID - 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100080 [doi] LID - 100080 AB - Currently, testing for immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization is the cornerstone of diagnostic evaluation in suspected allergic conditions. This review provides a thorough and updated critical appraisal of the most frequently used diagnostic tests, both in vivo and in vitro. It discusses skin tests, challenges, and serological and cellular in vitro tests, and provides an overview of indications, advantages and disadvantages of each in conditions such as respiratory, food, venom, drug, and occupational allergy. Skin prick testing remains the first line approach in most instances; the added value of serum specific IgE to whole allergen extracts or components, as well as the role of basophil activation tests, is evaluated. Unproven, non-validated, diagnostic tests are also discussed. Throughout the review, the reader must bear in mind the relevance of differentiating between sensitization and allergy; the latter entails not only allergic sensitization, but also clinically relevant symptoms triggered by the culprit allergen. CI - (c) 2019 The Authors. FAU - Ansotegui, Ignacio J AU - Ansotegui IJ AD - Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao-Erandio, Spain. FAU - Melioli, Giovanni AU - Melioli G AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy. FAU - Canonica, Giorgio Walter AU - Canonica GW AD - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. FAU - Caraballo, Luis AU - Caraballo L AD - Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia. FAU - Villa, Elisa AU - Villa E AD - Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Vercelli, S.C. Pneumologia, Vercelli, Italia. FAU - Ebisawa, Motohiro AU - Ebisawa M AD - Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. FAU - Passalacqua, Giovanni AU - Passalacqua G AD - Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. FAU - Savi, Eleonora AU - Savi E AD - Ospedale Civile, Gossolengo, PC, Italy. FAU - Ebo, Didier AU - Ebo D AD - Department of Immunology - Allergology - Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp University, Department Immunology and Allergology, AZ Jan Palfijn Gent, Ghent, Belgium. FAU - Gomez, R Maximiliano AU - Gomez RM AD - Universidad Catolica de Salta, Fundacion Ayre, Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Luengo Sanchez, Olga AU - Luengo Sanchez O AD - Allergy Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Oppenheimer, John J AU - Oppenheimer JJ AD - Pulmonary & Allergy Associates, Denville, NJ, USA. FAU - Jensen-Jarolim, Erika AU - Jensen-Jarolim E AD - Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria. FAU - Fischer, David A AU - Fischer DA AD - Fischer Medicine Professional Corporation, Barrie, Ontario, Canada. FAU - Haahtela, Tari AU - Haahtela T AD - Skin and Allergy Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. FAU - Antila, Martti AU - Antila M AD - Clinica de Alergia, Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Bousquet, Jean J AU - Bousquet JJ AD - MACVIA-France, Montpellier, France. AD - INSERM, Villejuif, France. AD - Universite Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny le Bretonneux, France. AD - Euforea, Brussels, Belgium. AD - CHU Montpellier, France. FAU - Cardona, Victoria AU - Cardona V AD - Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Seccion de Alergologia, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Chiang, Wen Chin AU - Chiang WC AD - Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, Chiang Children's Allergy & Asthma Clinic, Singapore, Singapore. FAU - Demoly, Pascal M AU - Demoly PM AD - University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France. AD - Sorbonne Universite, Paris, France. FAU - DuBuske, Lawrence M AU - DuBuske LM AD - Immunology Research Institute of New England, Gardner, MA, USA. FAU - Ferrer Puga, Marta AU - Ferrer Puga M AD - The Unidad de Educacion Medica, Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Clinica Universitad de Navarra, Navarra, Spain. FAU - Gerth van Wijk, Roy AU - Gerth van Wijk R AD - Erasmus MC, Sector Allergologie, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. FAU - Gonzalez Diaz, Sandra Nora AU - Gonzalez Diaz SN AD - Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Hospital Universitario, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. FAU - Gonzalez-Estrada, Alexei AU - Gonzalez-Estrada A AD - Department of Allergy, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA. FAU - Jares, Edgardo AU - Jares E AD - Femeca Femedica, Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Kalpaklioglu, Ayse Fusun AU - Kalpaklioglu AF AD - Kirikkale Universitesi, Tip Fakultesi, Kirikkale, Turkey. FAU - Kase Tanno, Luciana AU - Kase Tanno L AD - Hospital Sirio Libanes, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. FAU - Kowalski, Marek L AU - Kowalski ML AD - Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. FAU - Ledford, Dennis K AU - Ledford DK AD - University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA. FAU - Monge Ortega, Olga Patricia AU - Monge Ortega OP AD - Allergology Unit, San Juan de Dios Hospital, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. FAU - Morais Almeida, Mario AU - Morais Almeida M AD - Hospital CUF-Descobertas, Lisbon, Portugal. FAU - Pfaar, Oliver AU - Pfaar O AD - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universitat Marburg, Marburg, Germany. FAU - Poulsen, Lars K AU - Poulsen LK AD - Gentofte University Hospital, Lab for Allergology, Allergy Clinic, Hellerup, Denmark. FAU - Pawankar, Ruby AU - Pawankar R AD - Nippon Medical School, Dept. of Otolaryngology, Tokyo, Japan. FAU - Renz, Harald E AU - Renz HE AD - University Hospital GI & MR GmbH, Institute of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Standort Marburg, Marburg, Germany. FAU - Romano, Antonino G AU - Romano AG AD - Stallergenes, Rome, Italy. FAU - Rosario Filho, Nelson A AU - Rosario Filho NA AD - University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. FAU - Rosenwasser, Lanny AU - Rosenwasser L AD - University of Missouri at Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA. FAU - Sanchez Borges, Mario A AU - Sanchez Borges MA AD - Centro Medico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela. FAU - Scala, Enrico AU - Scala E AD - Experimental Allergy Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Rome, Italy. FAU - Senna, Gian-Enrico AU - Senna GE AD - Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Verona, Italy. FAU - Sisul, Juan Carlos AU - Sisul JC AD - Allergy & Asthma Institute, Asuncion, Paraguay. FAU - Tang, Mimi L K AU - Tang MLK AD - Royal Children's Hospital, Department of Allergy & Immunology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. FAU - Thong, Bernard Yu-Hor AU - Thong BY AD - Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Deptartment of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Singapore, Singapore. FAU - Valenta, Rudolf AU - Valenta R AD - Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. AD - NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia. AD - Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia. FAU - Wood, Robert A AU - Wood RA AD - Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA. FAU - Zuberbier, Torsten AU - Zuberbier T AD - Campus Charite Mitte, Klinik fur Dermatologie & Allergologie, Berlin, Germany. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200225 PL - United States TA - World Allergy Organ J JT - The World Allergy Organization journal JID - 101481283 EIN - World Allergy Organ J. 2021 Jun 17;14(7):100557. PMID: 34221218 PMC - PMC7044795 OTO - NOTNLM OT - AAAAI, American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology OT - ABA, Allergen Bead Array OT - ACAAI, American College of Allergy Asthma and Immunology OT - AEC, Allergen Exposure Chambers OT - AIT, allergen immunotherapy OT - AP, Alkaline Phosphatase OT - AU/mL, Allergenic Units milliLiter OT - Allergy OT - Anti-IgE, Antibody against IgE OT - BAT, Basophil Activation Test OT - BAU/mL, Biologic Allergenic Units milliLiter OT - CBA, Cytometric Bead Array OT - CCD, Cross-reactive Carbohydrate Determinants OT - CDER, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (USA) OT - CL, Chemiluminescence OT - CaFE, Calibrated Fluorescence Enhancement OT - DBPCFC, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Food Challenge OT - Diagnostic strategies OT - EAACI, European Academy of Allergy and Immunology OT - EIA, Enzyme Immune Assay OT - ELISA, Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Analysis OT - EMEA, European MEdicine Agencies OT - ENPP-3, EctoNucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 3 OT - FACS, Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting OT - FDA, Food and Drug Administration (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) OT - FEIA, Fluorescent Enzyme Immunoassays OT - FcepsilonRI, High affinity IgE receptor OT - H1, Histamine 1 receptor OT - H2, Histamine 2 receptor OT - HPO, Horseradish Peroxidase OT - IDT, Intradermal Test OT - ISAC, Immuno-Solid phase Allergen Chip OT - IUIS, International Union of Immunological Societies OT - IVD, in vitro diagnostic tool OT - IgE OT - IgE, immunoglobulin E OT - In vitro tests OT - LAMP-3, Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein OT - MBAD, Molecule Based Allergy Diagnostics OT - MRGPRX2, Mas-related G protein receptor 2 OT - NIH, National Institutes of Health (USA) OT - NMBAs, NeuroMuscular Blocking Agents OT - NPA, Negative Percent Agreement OT - NSAIDs, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs OT - PPA, Positive Percent Agreement OT - PPT, Prick-Prick Test OT - RAST, Radio Allergo Sorbent Test OT - SCAR, severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions OT - SPT, Skin prick test OT - Skin tests OT - kUA/L, kilo Units of Allergen/Liter for allergen-specific IgE antibody assays OT - mAb, Monoclonal Antibody OT - pNPP, p-Nitrophenylphosphate OT - sIgE, specific IgE OT - w/v, weight /volume EDAT- 2020/03/05 06:00 MHDA- 2020/03/05 06:01 PMCR- 2020/02/25 CRDT- 2020/03/05 06:00 PHST- 2019/08/15 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/10/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/03/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/03/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/03/05 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2020/02/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S1939-4551(19)31236-0 [pii] AID - 100080 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100080 [doi] PST - epublish SO - World Allergy Organ J. 2020 Feb 25;13(2):100080. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100080. eCollection 2020 Feb.