PMID- 32132963
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 1664-2295 (Print)
IS  - 1664-2295 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-2295 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2020
TI  - Two Cases of Late-Onset Anti-NMDAr Auto-Immune Encephalitis After Herpes Simplex 
      Virus 1 Encephalitis.
PG  - 38
LID - 10.3389/fneur.2020.00038 [doi]
LID - 38
AB  - Context: Encephalitis due to herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) was described as a 
      potential trigger for the development of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 
      (NMDAr) auto-immune encephalitis (AIE) within a few days to a few weeks after the 
      infection. Methods: We assessed clinical, radiological, and biological diagnoses 
      process, treatment response, and evolution. Cases Reported: We report here cases 
      of a 71-year-old man and a 57-year-old woman presenting anti-NMDAr AIE, 
      respectively, 12 and 7 months after HSV-1 encephalitis. In both cases, the onset 
      was brisk, and the symptoms were mainly neuropsychiatric (paranoid delirium, 
      Capgras, and Cotard syndromes) and cognitive, with anterograde amnesia. Relapse 
      of HSV encephalitis, epilepsy, and paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes were 
      excluded. The clinical response to first-line treatments composed of intravenous 
      immunoglobulins and high-dose corticosteroids was poor, whereas significant 
      improvement was noticed after rituximab induction. Conclusion: Post-herpetic 
      anti-NMDAr AIE could arise several months after infection. Clinicians must be 
      aware of this possibility, particularly if cognitive and/or psychiatric symptoms 
      occurred after a remitting period. In our two cases, only rituximab was 
      associated with clinical improvement.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Dorcet, Benaiteau, Bost, Mengelle, Bonneville, Martin-Blondel 
      and Pariente.
FAU - Dorcet, Guillaume
AU  - Dorcet G
AD  - Departement de Neurologie, Hopital Pierre Paul Riquet, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, 
      France.
FAU - Benaiteau, Marie
AU  - Benaiteau M
AD  - Departement de Neurologie, Hopital Pierre Paul Riquet, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, 
      France.
FAU - Bost, Chloe
AU  - Bost C
AD  - Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut Federatif de Biologie, CHU de Toulouse, 
      Toulouse, France.
AD  - INSERM U1043 - CNRS UMR 5282, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, 
      Toulouse, France.
FAU - Mengelle, Catherine
AU  - Mengelle C
AD  - Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut Federatif de Biologie, CHU de Toulouse, 
      Toulouse, France.
FAU - Bonneville, Fabrice
AU  - Bonneville F
AD  - Service de Neuroradiologie, Hopital Pierre Paul Riquet, CHU de Toulouse, 
      Toulouse, France.
AD  - INSERM: ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Universite de Toulouse, Inserm, 
      Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
FAU - Martin-Blondel, Guillaume
AU  - Martin-Blondel G
AD  - INSERM U1043 - CNRS UMR 5282, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, 
      Toulouse, France.
AD  - Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Transmissibles, Batiment Urgences Reanimation 
      Medecine, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
FAU - Pariente, Jeremie
AU  - Pariente J
AD  - Departement de Neurologie, Hopital Pierre Paul Riquet, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, 
      France.
AD  - INSERM: ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Universite de Toulouse, Inserm, 
      Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
DEP - 20200218
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Neurol
JT  - Frontiers in neurology
JID - 101546899
PMC - PMC7040193
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - anti-NMDA antibodies
OT  - autoimmune encephalitis
OT  - cerebrospinal fluid
OT  - herpes simplex
OT  - herpetic meningoencephalitis
EDAT- 2020/03/07 06:00
MHDA- 2020/03/07 06:01
PMCR- 2020/02/18
CRDT- 2020/03/06 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/03/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/03/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/03/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/02/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fneur.2020.00038 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Neurol. 2020 Feb 18;11:38. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00038. eCollection 2020.