PMID- 32146317
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240227
IS  - 1878-1705 (Electronic)
IS  - 1567-5769 (Linking)
VI  - 82
DP  - 2020 Mar 5
TI  - Theobromine mitigates IL-1beta-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and 
      degradation of type II collagen in human chondrocytes.
PG  - 106226
LID - S1567-5769(19)32197-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106226 [doi]
AB  - Osteoarthritis is one of the major causes of disability in elderly adults. 
      Chondrocytes are responsible for the formation and remodeling of articular 
      cartilage in joint tissue. The dysfunction of chondrocytes is a significant 
      factor in the development of osteoarthritis. In the current study, we found that 
      theobromine, a constituent of the cacao plant, possesses a preventive effect 
      against interleukin (IL)-1beta-induced chondrocyte dysfunction. Theobromine 
      ameliorates IL-1beta-induced production of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) 
      and inflammatory mediators including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin 
      E(2) (PGE(2)). The presence of theobromine suppresses IL-1beta-induced inducible 
      nitro oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and cellular nitro oxide (NO) production. 
      Theobromine also suppresses IL-1beta-induced production of the pro-inflammatory 
      cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 
      (MCP-1), as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-3 and MMP-13. Additionally, 
      theobromine mitigates IL-1beta-induced type II collagen degradation. 
      Mechanistically, we show that theobromine inhibits IL-1beta-induced IkappaBalpha activation, 
      nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) protein p65 accumulation, and transfected NF-kappaB 
      promoter activity, indicating that theobromine suppresses the NF-kappaB pathway in 
      chondrocytes. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the natural molecule 
      theobromine has a protective effect to counter cytokine-induced chondrocyte 
      dysfunction, implying its beneficial effect in the prevention of osteoarthritis.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Gu, Ronghe
AU  - Gu R
AD  - Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, The Fifth 
      Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China.
FAU - Shi, Yu
AU  - Shi Y
AD  - Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for 
      Nationalities, China.
FAU - Huang, Weiguo
AU  - Huang W
AD  - Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, The Fifth 
      Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China.
FAU - Lao, Chendeng
AU  - Lao C
AD  - Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, The Fifth 
      Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China.
FAU - Zou, Zhuan
AU  - Zou Z
AD  - Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, The Fifth 
      Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China.
FAU - Pan, Songmu
AU  - Pan S
AD  - Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, The Fifth 
      Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China.
FAU - Huang, Zonggui
AU  - Huang Z
AD  - Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, The Fifth 
      Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China. Electronic address: 
      jeremy5052@163.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200305
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int Immunopharmacol
JT  - International immunopharmacology
JID - 100965259
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chondrocyte dysfunction
OT  - IL-1beta
OT  - NF-kappaB
OT  - Theobromine
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/03/09 06:00
MHDA- 2020/03/09 06:01
CRDT- 2020/03/09 06:00
PHST- 2019/09/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/01/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/03/09 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/03/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/03/09 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1567-5769(19)32197-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106226 [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Mar 5;82:106226. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106226.