PMID- 32150821 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200928 IS - 2072-6694 (Print) IS - 2072-6694 (Electronic) IS - 2072-6694 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 3 DP - 2020 Mar 5 TI - Dendritic Cells in Anticancer Vaccination: Rationale for Ex Vivo Loading or In Vivo Targeting. LID - 10.3390/cancers12030590 [doi] LID - 590 AB - Dendritic cells (DCs) have shown great potential as a component or target in the landscape of cancer immunotherapy. Different in vivo and ex vivo strategies of DC vaccine generation with different outcomes have been proposed. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated their efficacy and safety in cancer patients. However, there is no consensus regarding which DC-based vaccine generation method is preferable. A problem of result comparison between trials in which different DC-loading or -targeting approaches have been applied remains. The employment of different DC generation and maturation methods, antigens and administration routes from trial to trial also limits the objective comparison of DC vaccines. In the present review, we discuss different methods of DC vaccine generation. We conclude that standardized trial designs, treatment settings and outcome assessment criteria will help to determine which DC vaccine generation approach should be applied in certain cancer cases. This will result in a reduction in alternatives in the selection of preferable DC-based vaccine tactics in patient. Moreover, it has become clear that the application of a DC vaccine alone is not sufficient and combination immunotherapy with recent advances, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, should be employed to achieve a better clinical response and outcome. FAU - Baldin, Alexey V AU - Baldin AV AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6220-5341 AD - Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia. FAU - Savvateeva, Lyudmila V AU - Savvateeva LV AD - Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia. FAU - Bazhin, Alexandr V AU - Bazhin AV AD - Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany. AD - German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany. FAU - Zamyatnin, Andrey A Jr AU - Zamyatnin AA Jr AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3046-4565 AD - Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia. AD - Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Signaling, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20200305 PL - Switzerland TA - Cancers (Basel) JT - Cancers JID - 101526829 PMC - PMC7139354 OTO - NOTNLM OT - anticancer vaccine OT - cancer immunotherapy OT - combination immunotherapy OT - dendritic cell targeting OT - dendritic cell vaccine OT - dendritic cells COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2020/03/11 06:00 MHDA- 2020/03/11 06:01 PMCR- 2020/03/05 CRDT- 2020/03/11 06:00 PHST- 2020/01/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/02/29 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/03/02 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/03/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/03/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/03/11 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2020/03/05 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - cancers12030590 [pii] AID - cancers-12-00590 [pii] AID - 10.3390/cancers12030590 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cancers (Basel). 2020 Mar 5;12(3):590. doi: 10.3390/cancers12030590.