PMID- 32151720
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210210
LR  - 20210210
IS  - 1879-0003 (Electronic)
IS  - 0141-8130 (Linking)
VI  - 153
DP  - 2020 Jun 15
TI  - Biochemical characterisation and application of keratinase from Bacillus 
      thuringiensis MT1 to enable valorisation of hair wastes through biosynthesis of 
      vitamin B-complex.
PG  - 561-572
LID - S0141-8130(19)39521-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.032 [doi]
AB  - This study reports on the exploitation of keratinous hydrolysate by keratinase 
      enzymes to produce vitamin B-complex. Toward this end, keratinase enzyme was 
      produced by Bacillus thuringiensis strain MT1, newly isolated from cattle-yard 
      utilising donkey hairs. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform 
      infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) analyses demonstrated hairs disintegration and 
      the disruption of the disulphide bonds of the keratin structure, respectively. 
      The biochemical characterisation of the produced enzyme exhibited optimal 
      activity of 422 U/ml at 50  degrees C and pH 9 with a molecular mass of 80 kDa. The 
      enzyme activity was entirely deactivated by Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 
      (EDTA), implying the existence of a metallokeratinase group. Donkey hairs were 
      thus treated with metallokeratinase, emancipating eight essential and eight more 
      non-essential amino acids, which were identified employing amino acid analyser. 
      These amino acids were subsequently utilised by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 
      ATCC 64712, at different concentrations, to produce vitamin B-complex. 
      High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed the synthesis of 
      vitamins B1, B2, and B12 at various levels associated with concentrations of 
      supplemented amino acids. This report thus highlights the feasible application of 
      keratinase enzyme as an eco-friendly approach to managing hair waste, and 
      concurrently promotes the implementation of hair-based hydrolysate in vitamin 
      B-complex biosynthesis.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hassan, Mohamed A
AU  - Hassan MA
AD  - Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research 
      Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications 
      (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box 21934 Alexandria, Egypt.. Electronic 
      address: madel@srtacity.sci.eg.
FAU - Taha, Tarek H
AU  - Taha TH
AD  - Environmental Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 
      Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological 
      Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box 21934 Alexandria, 
      Egypt.. Electronic address: ttaha@srtacity.sci.eg.
FAU - Hamad, Gamal M
AU  - Hamad GM
AD  - Food Technology Department, Arid Land Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), 
      City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg 
      El-Arab City, P.O. Box 21934 Alexandria, Egypt.
FAU - Hashem, Mohamed
AU  - Hashem M
AD  - King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biological Science Department, P.O. 
      Box 10255, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia; Assiut University, Faculty of Science, 
      Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
FAU - Alamri, Saad
AU  - Alamri S
AD  - King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biological Science Department, P.O. 
      Box 10255, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia; Prince Sultan Ben Abdulaziz Center for 
      Environmental and Tourism Research and Studies, King Khalid University, Abha, 
      Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Mostafa, Yasser S
AU  - Mostafa YS
AD  - King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biological Science Department, P.O. 
      Box 10255, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200306
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int J Biol Macromol
JT  - International journal of biological macromolecules
JID - 7909578
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 68238-35-7 (Keratins)
RN  - EC 3.4.- (Peptide Hydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.4.- (keratinase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacillus thuringiensis/*enzymology
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/*chemistry
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Hair/*chemistry
MH  - Hydrolysis
MH  - Keratins/*chemistry
MH  - Peptide Hydrolases/*chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Amino acids;
OT  - Animal hair
OT  - Bacillus thuringiensis
OT  - Keratinase
OT  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
OT  - Vitamin B
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest 
      with regard to this work.
EDAT- 2020/03/11 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/11 06:00
CRDT- 2020/03/11 06:00
PHST- 2019/11/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/03/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/03/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/03/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/03/11 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0141-8130(19)39521-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.032 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Jun 15;153:561-572. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.032. Epub 2020 Mar 6.