PMID- 32168103
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210623
LR  - 20231001
IS  - 1473-558X (Electronic)
IS  - 0959-4965 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 6
DP  - 2020 Apr 8
TI  - Valproic acid induces nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression in 
      fetal and neonatal brains but not in adult brain: evidence of the 
      gamma-aminobutyric acid-shift hypothesis.
PG  - 433-436
LID - 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001421 [doi]
AB  - The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-shift hypothesis proposes that GABA agonist 
      action is excitatory early in development and transitions to an inhibitory role 
      later in life. In experiment 1, the nonspecific GABA agonist, valproic acid 
      (VPA), was administered to pregnant C57BL/6 mice on embryonic day 13. Fetal and 
      maternal brains were harvested 2 h post-VPA exposure and assayed for nuclear 
      factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and H3 expression through western blot 
      analysis. In experiment 2, VPA was administered to neonatal pups on P14 and adult 
      mice on P60. In both experiments, it was observed that NRF2 expression was 
      increased in fetal and neonatal brains, but not in the adult brain. Because NRF2 
      expression is activated by oxidative stress, these results imply support of the 
      GABA-shift hypothesis in that VPA may exert its developmental damage in the fetal 
      and neonatal periods through excitotoxicity.
FAU - Gifford, Janace J
AU  - Gifford JJ
AD  - Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, New Brunswick, New 
      Jersey, USA.
FAU - Norton, Sara A
AU  - Norton SA
FAU - Kusnecov, Alexander W
AU  - Kusnecov AW
FAU - Wagner, George C
AU  - Wagner GC
LA  - eng
GR  - R21 MH104800/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Neuroreport
JT  - Neuroreport
JID - 9100935
RN  - 0 (GABA Agents)
RN  - 0 (NF-E2-Related Factor 2)
RN  - 56-12-2 (gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
RN  - 614OI1Z5WI (Valproic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - GABA Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Mice
MH  - NF-E2-Related Factor 2/*metabolism
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Valproic Acid/*pharmacology
MH  - gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*metabolism
EDAT- 2020/03/14 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/24 06:00
CRDT- 2020/03/14 06:00
PHST- 2020/03/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/03/14 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 00001756-202004010-00001 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001421 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroreport. 2020 Apr 8;31(6):433-436. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001421.