PMID- 32191999
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200923
LR  - 20231213
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 6
DP  - 2020 Mar 17
TI  - Simultaneous Analysis and Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment of Fomesafen, 
      Clomazone, Clethodim and Its Two Metabolites in Soybean Ecosystem.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph17061951 [doi]
LID - 1951
AB  - A commercial formulation, 37% dispersible oil suspension (DOS) (fomesafen, 
      clomazone, and clethodim), is being registered in China to control annual or 
      perennial weeds in soybean fields. In this paper, a liquid chromatography tandem 
      mass spectrometry method with QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, 
      and safe) sample preparation was developed for the simultaneous determination of 
      fomesafen, clomazone, clethodim, and its two metabolites (CSO and CSO(2)) in 
      soybean, green soybean, and soybean straw samples. The mean recoveries of our 
      developed method for the five analytes in three matrices were ranged from 71% to 
      116% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 12.6%. The limits of 
      quantification (LOQs) were 0.01 mg/kg in soybean, 0.01 mg/kg in green soybean, 
      and 0.02 mg/kg in soybean straw while the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 
      0.018 to 0.125 mug/kg for these five analytes. The highest final residual amount 
      of CSO(2) in green soybean samples (0.015 mg/kg) appeared in Anhui, and the 
      highest in soybean straw samples was 0.029 mg/kg in Guangxi, whilst the terminal 
      residues of fomesafen, clomazone, clethodim and CSO were lower than LOQs (0.01 
      mg/kg) in all samples. Furthermore, these terminal residues were all lower than 
      the maximum residue limits (MRLs) set by China (0.1 mg/kg for fomesafen and 
      clethodim, 0.05 mg/kg for clomazone) at harvest. Additional chronic dietary risk 
      was evaluated using a risk quotients (RQs) method based on Chinese dietary 
      habits. The chronic dietary exposure risk quotients were 4.3 for fomesafen, 0.12 
      for clomazone, and 19.3 for clethodim, respectively, which were significantly 
      lower than 100. These results demonstrated that the dietary exposure risk of 
      fomesafen, clomazone, and clethodim used in soybean according to good 
      agricultural practices (GAP) was acceptable and would not pose an unacceptable 
      health risk to Chinese consumers. These results not only offer insight with 
      respect to the analytes, but also contribute to environmental protection and food 
      safety.
FAU - Pang, Kyongjin
AU  - Pang K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3036-5054
AD  - School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science Technology 
      Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
FAU - Hu, Jiye
AU  - Hu J
AD  - School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science Technology 
      Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200317
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Benzamides)
RN  - 0 (Cyclohexanones)
RN  - 0 (Isoxazoles)
RN  - 0 (Oxazolidinones)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 05SB62IB6F (clethodim)
RN  - 570RAC03NF (clomazone)
RN  - M0A3U4CDTF (fomesafen)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Benzamides/toxicity
MH  - China
MH  - *Cyclohexanones/toxicity
MH  - *Dietary Exposure
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Isoxazoles/toxicity
MH  - *Oxazolidinones/toxicity
MH  - *Pesticide Residues/toxicity
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Glycine max/chemistry
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PMC - PMC7143629
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - LC-MS/MS
OT  - clethodim and its metabolites
OT  - clomazone
OT  - dietary exposure risk assessment
OT  - fomesafen
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/03/21 06:00
MHDA- 2020/09/24 06:00
PMCR- 2020/03/01
CRDT- 2020/03/21 06:00
PHST- 2020/02/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/03/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/03/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/03/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/03/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/09/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph17061951 [pii]
AID - ijerph-17-01951 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph17061951 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 17;17(6):1951. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph17061951.