PMID- 32196452
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210607
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1875-6212 (Electronic)
IS  - 1570-1611 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021
TI  - The Neuro-Vascular Consequence of Diabetes: Foot Amputation and Evaluation of its 
      Risk Factors and Health-Related Economic Impact.
PG  - 102-109
LID - 10.2174/1570161118666200320112401 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with the 
      huge burden of diabetic foot amputation is a challenge to the health economy of 
      Pakistan and other countries. Identification of various risk factors for 
      amputation, along with its financial burden, is needed to address this problem. 
      OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the financial burden and risk factors 
      associated with T2DMrelated foot amputation. METHODS: Retrospective 
      hospital-based study from January 2017 to December 2018. Patients with T2DM with 
      and without amputation were enrolled. The direct medical costs of amputation 
      along with various risk factors, were determined. Risk factors were evaluated by 
      logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1460 patients with T2DM were 
      included; 484 (33%) patients had an amputation. The mean total cost of below 
      knee, fingers and toe amputation was 886.63+/-23.91, 263.35 +/-19.58 and 166.68 +/- 
      8.47 US$, respectively. This difference among groups was significant (p<0.0001). 
      Male gender (odds ratio, OR: 1.29, 1.01-1.63, p=0.037), peripheral artery disease 
      (OR: 1.93, 1.52-2.46, p=0.000), peripheral neuropathy (OR: 1.31, 1.40-1.63, 
      p=0.000), prior diabetic foot ulcer (OR: 2.02, 1.56- 2.56, p=0.000) and raised 
      glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR: 3.50, 2.75-4.4, p=0.000) were risk factors for 
      amputation. CONCLUSION: The health-related financial impact of amputations is 
      high. Peripheral artery disease, peripheral neuropathy, prior diabetic foot ulcer 
      and raised HbA1c were risk factors for amputation.
CI  - Copyright(c) Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at 
      epub@benthamscience.net.
FAU - Naqvi, Iftikhar Haider
AU  - Naqvi IH
AD  - Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Talib, Abu
AU  - Talib A
AD  - Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Naqvi, Sajjad Haider
AU  - Naqvi SH
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Yasin, Lubabah
AU  - Yasin L
AD  - Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
FAU - Rizvi, Nayema Zehra
AU  - Rizvi NZ
AD  - Life Line Medical Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Vasc Pharmacol
JT  - Current vascular pharmacology
JID - 101157208
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Amputation, Surgical/adverse effects/*economics
MH  - Comorbidity
MH  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis/economics/*therapy
MH  - Diabetic Foot/diagnosis/*economics/*surgery
MH  - Female
MH  - *Health Care Costs
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Pakistan
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Treatment Outcome
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Amputation
OT  - diabetic foot
OT  - diabetic neuropathy
OT  - glycated haemoglobin
OT  - health economics
OT  - peripheral artery disease
EDAT- 2020/03/21 06:00
MHDA- 2021/06/08 06:00
CRDT- 2020/03/21 06:00
PHST- 2019/12/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/03/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/03/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/03/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/06/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/03/21 06:00 [entrez]
AID - CVP-EPUB-105414 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/1570161118666200320112401 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2021;19(1):102-109. doi: 10.2174/1570161118666200320112401.