PMID- 32198601
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210210
LR  - 20210210
IS  - 1559-0291 (Electronic)
IS  - 0273-2289 (Linking)
VI  - 191
IP  - 4
DP  - 2020 Aug
TI  - Exogenous Abscisic Acid Supplementation at Early Stationary Growth Phase Triggers 
      Changes in the Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Chlorella vulgaris 
      UMT-M1.
PG  - 1653-1669
LID - 10.1007/s12010-020-03312-y [doi]
AB  - Abscisic acid (ABA) has been known to exist in a microalgal system and serves as 
      one of the chemical stimuli in various biological pathways. Nonetheless, the 
      involvement of ABA in fatty acid biosynthesis, particularly at the transcription 
      level in microalgae is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to 
      determine the effects of exogenous ABA on growth, total oil content, fatty acid 
      composition, and the expression level of beta ketoacyl-ACP synthase I (KAS I) and 
      omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (omega-3 FAD) genes in Chlorella vulgaris UMT-M1. ABA 
      was applied to early stationary C. vulgaris cultures at concentrations of 0, 10, 
      20, and 80 muM for 48 h. The results showed that ABA significantly increased 
      biomass production and total oil content. The increment of palmitic (C16:0) and 
      stearic (C18:0) acids was coupled by decrement in linoleic (C18:2) and 
      alpha-linolenic (C18:3n3) acids. Both KAS I and omega-3 FAD gene expression were 
      downregulated, which was negatively correlated to saturated fatty acid (SFAs), 
      but positively correlated to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) accumulations. 
      Further analysis of both KAS I and omega-3 FAD promoters revealed the presence of 
      multiple ABA-responsive elements (ABREs) in addition to other 
      phytohormone-responsive elements. However, the role of these 
      phytohormone-responsive elements in regulating KAS I and omega-3 FAD gene expression 
      still remains elusive. This revelation might suggest that phytohormone-responsive 
      gene regulation in C. vulgaris and microalgae as a whole might diverge from 
      higher plants which deserve further scientific research to elucidate its 
      functional roles.
FAU - Norlina, Ramlee
AU  - Norlina R
AD  - Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, 
      Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
FAU - Norashikin, Md Nor
AU  - Norashikin MN
AD  - Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, 
      Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
FAU - Loh, Saw Hong
AU  - Loh SH
AD  - Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, 
      Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
FAU - Aziz, Ahmad
AU  - Aziz A
AD  - Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, 
      Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
FAU - Cha, Thye San
AU  - Cha TS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4354-7754
AD  - Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, 
      Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. cha_ts@umt.edu.my.
LA  - eng
GR  - 02-01-12-SF0089/Kementerian Sains, Teknologi dan Inovasi/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200321
PL  - United States
TA  - Appl Biochem Biotechnol
JT  - Applied biochemistry and biotechnology
JID - 8208561
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids, Unsaturated)
RN  - 0 (Isoenzymes)
RN  - 0 (Plant Growth Regulators)
RN  - 72S9A8J5GW (Abscisic Acid)
RN  - EC 1.14.19.- (Fatty Acid Desaturases)
RN  - EC 1.14.99.- (omega-3 fatty acid desaturase)
RN  - EC 2.3.1.- (beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I)
RN  - EC 2.3.1.41 (3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Synthase/*metabolism
MH  - Abscisic Acid/*pharmacology
MH  - Adipogenesis
MH  - Biomass
MH  - Chlorella vulgaris/*metabolism
MH  - Fatty Acid Desaturases/*metabolism
MH  - Fatty Acids/*biosynthesis
MH  - Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/biosynthesis
MH  - Industrial Microbiology
MH  - Isoenzymes/*metabolism
MH  - Microalgae/metabolism
MH  - Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - KAS I
OT  - Microalgae
OT  - Oil content
OT  - Phytohormone
OT  - cis-Regulatory element
OT  - omega-3 FAD
EDAT- 2020/03/22 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/11 06:00
CRDT- 2020/03/22 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/03/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/03/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/03/22 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s12010-020-03312-y [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s12010-020-03312-y [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2020 Aug;191(4):1653-1669. doi: 
      10.1007/s12010-020-03312-y. Epub 2020 Mar 21.