PMID- 32204543
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210119
LR  - 20231103
IS  - 2073-4425 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4425 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 3
DP  - 2020 Mar 19
TI  - Structural Variation of the X Chromosome Heterochromatin in the Anopheles gambiae 
      Complex.
LID - 10.3390/genes11030327 [doi]
LID - 327
AB  - Heterochromatin is identified as a potential factor driving diversification of 
      species. To understand the magnitude of heterochromatin variation within the 
      Anopheles gambiae complex of malaria mosquitoes, we analyzed metaphase 
      chromosomes in An. arabiensis, An. coluzzii, An. gambiae, An. merus, and An. 
      quadriannulatus. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with ribosomal 
      DNA (rDNA), a highly repetitive fraction of DNA, and heterochromatic Bacterial 
      Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones, we established the correspondence of 
      pericentric heterochromatin between the metaphase and polytene X chromosomes of 
      An. gambiae. We then developed chromosome idiograms and demonstrated that the X 
      chromosomes exhibit qualitative differences in their pattern of heterochromatic 
      bands and position of satellite DNA (satDNA) repeats among the sibling species 
      with postzygotic isolation, An. arabiensis, An. merus, An. quadriannulatus, and 
      An. coluzzii or An. gambiae. The identified differences in the size and structure 
      of the X chromosome heterochromatin point to a possible role of repetitive DNA in 
      speciation of mosquitoes. We found that An. coluzzii and An. gambiae, incipient 
      species with prezygotic isolation, share variations in the relative positions of 
      the satDNA repeats and the proximal heterochromatin band on the X chromosomes. 
      This previously unknown genetic polymorphism in malaria mosquitoes may be caused 
      by a differential amplification of DNA repeats or an inversion in the sex 
      chromosome heterochromatin.
FAU - Sharma, Atashi
AU  - Sharma A
AD  - Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, 
      VA 24061, USA.
FAU - Kinney, Nicholas A
AU  - Kinney NA
AD  - Genomics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic and State 
      University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
FAU - Timoshevskiy, Vladimir A
AU  - Timoshevskiy VA
AD  - Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, 
      VA 24061, USA.
FAU - Sharakhova, Maria V
AU  - Sharakhova MV
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5790-3548
AD  - Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, 
      VA 24061, USA.
AD  - Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics of Insects, the Federal Research Center 
      Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of 
      Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
AD  - Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environmental Protection, Tomsk State 
      University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
FAU - Sharakhov, Igor V
AU  - Sharakhov IV
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0752-3747
AD  - Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, 
      VA 24061, USA.
AD  - Genomics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic and State 
      University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
AD  - Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics of Insects, the Federal Research Center 
      Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of 
      Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
AD  - Department of Cytology and Genetics, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, 
      Russia.
LA  - eng
GR  - R21 AI099528/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 AI135298/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21AI099528/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/International
GR  - R21AI135298/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/International
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20200319
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Genes (Basel)
JT  - Genes
JID - 101551097
RN  - 0 (DNA, Satellite)
RN  - 0 (Heterochromatin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anopheles/*genetics
MH  - DNA, Satellite/genetics
MH  - *Genomic Structural Variation
MH  - Heterochromatin/*genetics
MH  - Polytene Chromosomes/*genetics
MH  - X Chromosome/*genetics
PMC - PMC7140835
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Anopheles
OT  - X chromosome
OT  - heterochromatin
OT  - mitotic chromosome
OT  - mosquito
OT  - satellite DNA
OT  - sex chromosome
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2020/03/25 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/20 06:00
PMCR- 2020/03/01
CRDT- 2020/03/25 06:00
PHST- 2020/02/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/03/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/03/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/03/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/03/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - genes11030327 [pii]
AID - genes-11-00327 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/genes11030327 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Genes (Basel). 2020 Mar 19;11(3):327. doi: 10.3390/genes11030327.