PMID- 32222153 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200825 LR - 20200825 IS - 1475-2840 (Electronic) IS - 1475-2840 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 1 DP - 2020 Mar 28 TI - The association between serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels and lower extremity atherosclerotic disease is independent of body mass index in type 2 diabetes. PG - 40 LID - 10.1186/s12933-020-01020-9 [doi] LID - 40 AB - BACKGROUND: Clinical and basic investigations have indicated a significant association between circulating growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and cardiovascular disease; however, the relationship between GDF15 and lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD) has been less studied. The present study aimed to explore the association between GDF15 and LEAD in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Considering that obesity is an important factor associated with circulating GDF15 levels, whether the relationship between serum GDF15 levels and LEAD is affected by body mass index (BMI) was also analysed. METHODS: A total of 376 hospitalized T2DM patients were enrolled (161 with LEAD and 215 without LEAD). A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum GDF15 levels. The femoral intima-media thickness (F-IMT) and LEAD were assessed by ultrasonography. RESULTS: Patients with LEAD had significantly higher serum GDF15 levels than those without LEAD, regardless of whether their BMI was < 25 kg/m(2) or >/= 25 kg/m(2) (both P < 0.05). Serum GDF15 levels were independently positively related to the F-IMT (standardized beta = 0.162, P = 0.002). After adjusting for confounding factors, per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in the serum GDF15 levels was significantly related to an approximately 1.4-fold increased risk of LEAD in the total population (P < 0.05). Regardless of whether the BMI was < 25 kg/m(2) or >/= 25 kg/m(2), this association remained significant, with approximately 1.6- and 1.4-fold increased risks of LEAD, respectively (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High serum GDF15 levels were significantly correlated with an increased risk of LEAD in T2DM patients, and this relationship was independent of BMI. FAU - He, Xingxing AU - He X AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China. FAU - Su, Jiaorong AU - Su J AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China. FAU - Ma, Xiaojing AU - Ma X AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China. maxiaojing@sjtu.edu.cn. FAU - Lu, Wei AU - Lu W AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China. FAU - Zhu, Wei AU - Zhu W AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China. FAU - Wang, Yufei AU - Wang Y AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China. FAU - Bao, Yuqian AU - Bao Y AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China. FAU - Zhou, Jian AU - Zhou J AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1534-2279 AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, China. zhoujian@sjtu.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20200328 PL - England TA - Cardiovasc Diabetol JT - Cardiovascular diabetology JID - 101147637 RN - 0 (Biomarkers) RN - 0 (GDF15 protein, human) RN - 0 (Growth Differentiation Factor 15) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Atherosclerosis/*blood/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology MH - Biomarkers/blood MH - *Body Mass Index MH - Carotid Intima-Media Thickness MH - China/epidemiology MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*blood/diagnosis/epidemiology MH - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MH - Female MH - Growth Differentiation Factor 15/*blood MH - Humans MH - Lower Extremity/*blood supply MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Obesity/*blood/diagnosis/epidemiology MH - Prognosis MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Risk Assessment MH - Risk Factors MH - Up-Regulation PMC - PMC7103065 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Body mass index OT - Femoral intima-media thickness OT - Growth differentiation factor 15 OT - Lower extremity atherosclerotic disease OT - Type 2 diabetes mellitus COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2020/03/31 06:00 MHDA- 2020/08/26 06:00 PMCR- 2020/03/28 CRDT- 2020/03/31 06:00 PHST- 2020/01/28 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/03/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/03/31 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/03/31 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/08/26 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/03/28 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12933-020-01020-9 [pii] AID - 1020 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12933-020-01020-9 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020 Mar 28;19(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s12933-020-01020-9.