PMID- 32222553
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210724
LR  - 20240229
IS  - 1879-0054 (Electronic)
IS  - 0739-7240 (Linking)
VI  - 72
DP  - 2020 Jul
TI  - Effect of maternal nutrient restriction on skeletal muscle mass and associated 
      molecular pathways in SGA and Non-SGA sheep fetuses.
PG  - 106443
LID - S0739-7240(20)30010-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106443 [doi]
AB  - Maternal nutrient restriction causes small for gestational age (SGA) offspring, 
      which exhibit a higher risk for metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Fetal skeletal 
      muscle is particularly sensitive to maternal nutrient restriction, which impairs 
      muscle mass and metabolism. Using a 50% nutrient restriction treatment from 
      gestational day (GD) 35 to GD 135 in sheep, we routinely observe a spectral 
      phenotype of fetal weights within the nutrient-restricted (NR) group. Thus, our 
      objective was to evaluate the effect of maternal NR on muscle mass, myofiber 
      hypertrophy, myonuclear dotation, and molecular markers for protein synthesis and 
      degradation, while accounting for the observed fetal weight variation. Within the 
      NR group, we classified upper-quartile fetuses into NR(Non-SGA) (n = 11) and 
      lower-quartile fetuses into NR(SGA) (n = 11). A control group (n = 12) received 
      100% of nutrient requirements throughout pregnancy. At GD 135, fetal plasma and 
      organs were collected, and gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were sampled for 
      investigation. Results showed decreased (P < 0.05) absolute tissue/organ weights, 
      including soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, in NR(SGA) fetuses compared to 
      NR(Non-SGA) and control. Myofiber cross-sectional area was smaller in NR(SGA) vs 
      control for gastrocnemius (P = 0.0092) and soleus (P = 0.0097) muscles. Within 
      the gastrocnemius muscle, the number of myonuclei per myofiber was reduced (P = 
      0.0442) in NR(SGA) compared to control. Cortisol may induce protein degradation. 
      However, there were no differences in fetal cortisol among groups. Nevertheless, 
      for gastrocnemius muscle, cortisol receptor (NR3C1; P = 0.0124), and FOXO1 
      (P = 0.0131) were upregulated in NR(SGA) compared to control while NR(Non-SGA) 
      did not differ from the other 2 groups. KLF15 was upregulated (P = 0.0002) in 
      both NR(SGA) and NR(Non-SGA); while FBXO32, TRIM63, BCAT2 or MSTN did not differ. 
      For soleus muscle, KLF15 mRNA was upregulated (P = 0.0145) in NR(SGA) compared to 
      control, and expression of MSTN was increased (P = 0.0259) in NR(SGA) and 
      NR(Non-SGA) compared to control. At the protein level, none of the mentioned 
      molecules nor total ubiquitin-labeled proteins differed among groups (P > 0.05). 
      Indicators of protein synthesis (total and phosphorylated MTOR, EI4EBP1, and 
      RPS6KB1) did not differ among groups in either muscle (P > 0.05). Collectively, 
      results highlight that maternal NR unequally affects muscle mass in NR(SGA) and 
      NR(Non-SGA) fetuses, and alterations in myofiber cross-sectional area and 
      myonuclei number partially explain those differences.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Sandoval, C
AU  - Sandoval C
AD  - Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, 
      USA.
FAU - Lambo, C A
AU  - Lambo CA
AD  - Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College 
      Station, TX 77843, USA.
FAU - Beason, K
AU  - Beason K
AD  - Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, 
      USA.
FAU - Dunlap, K A
AU  - Dunlap KA
AD  - Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, 
      USA.
FAU - Satterfield, M C
AU  - Satterfield MC
AD  - Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, 
      USA. Electronic address: csatterfield@tamu.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200217
PL  - United States
TA  - Domest Anim Endocrinol
JT  - Domestic animal endocrinology
JID - 8505191
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Female
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Animal Feed/analysis
MH  - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - Diet/veterinary
MH  - *Fetal Development
MH  - *Food Deprivation
MH  - Gestational Age
MH  - *Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development
MH  - Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
MH  - *Sheep/growth & development
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Hypertrophy
OT  - Maternal nutrient restriction
OT  - SGA
OT  - Skeletal muscle
OT  - Spectral phenotype
EDAT- 2020/03/31 06:00
MHDA- 2021/07/24 06:00
CRDT- 2020/03/31 06:00
PHST- 2019/09/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/01/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/03/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/07/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/03/31 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0739-7240(20)30010-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106443 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2020 Jul;72:106443. doi: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106443. 
      Epub 2020 Feb 17.