PMID- 32226344 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210423 LR - 20210423 IS - 1551-4056 (Electronic) IS - 0044-0086 (Print) IS - 0044-0086 (Linking) VI - 93 IP - 1 DP - 2020 Mar TI - Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy: Mechanistic Insights Driving Recent Advances and Future Directions. PG - 145-159 AB - Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells, necessary for the initiation and maintenance of antigen-specific immunity and tolerance. Decades of research have been driven by hopes to harness the immunological capabilities of DCs and achieve physiological partnership with the immune system for therapeutic ends. Potential applications for DC-based immunotherapy include treatments for cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. However, DCs have poor availability in peripheral and lymphoid tissues and have poor survivability in culture, leading to the development of multiple strategies to generate and manipulate large numbers of DCs ex vivo. Among these is Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP), a widely used cancer immunotherapy. Recent advancements have uncovered that stimulation of monocyte-to-DC maturation via physiologic inflammatory signaling lies at the mechanistic core of ECP. Here, we describe the landscape of DC-based immunotherapy, the historical context of ECP, the current mechanistic understanding of ex vivo monocyte-to-DC maturation in ECP, and the implications of this understanding on making scientifically driven improvements to modern ECP protocols and devices. CI - Copyright (c)2020, Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. FAU - Wei, Brian M AU - Wei BM AD - Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. FAU - Hanlon, Douglas AU - Hanlon D AD - Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. FAU - Khalil, David AU - Khalil D AD - Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. FAU - Han, Patrick AU - Han P AD - Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT. FAU - Tatsuno, Kazuki AU - Tatsuno K AD - Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. FAU - Sobolev, Olga AU - Sobolev O AD - Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. FAU - Edelson, Richard L AU - Edelson RL AD - Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review DEP - 20200327 PL - United States TA - Yale J Biol Med JT - The Yale journal of biology and medicine JID - 0417414 SB - IM MH - Dendritic Cells/*physiology MH - Humans MH - Immunotherapy/*methods MH - *Neoplasms/immunology/therapy MH - *Photopheresis/instrumentation/methods PMC - PMC7087063 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Dendritic cell OT - Extracorporeal photopheresis OT - Immunotherapy OT - Platelets EDAT- 2020/04/01 06:00 MHDA- 2021/04/24 06:00 PMCR- 2020/03/27 CRDT- 2020/04/01 06:00 PHST- 2020/04/01 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/04/01 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/04/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/03/27 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - yjbm931145 [pii] PST - epublish SO - Yale J Biol Med. 2020 Mar 27;93(1):145-159. eCollection 2020 Mar.