PMID- 32242043
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200903
LR  - 20240328
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 1
DP  - 2020 Apr 2
TI  - Study loading capacties of air pollutant emissions for developing countries: a 
      case of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
PG  - 5827
LID - 10.1038/s41598-020-62053-4 [doi]
LID - 5827
AB  - Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) is one of the cities in developing countries where many 
      concentrations of air pollutants exceeded the Vietnam national technical 
      regulation in ambient air quality including TSP, NO(x), Ozone and CO. These high 
      pollutant concentrations have destroyed the human health of people in HCMC. Many 
      zones in HCMC can't receive more air pollutants. The objectives of this research 
      are: (i) Air quality modeling over HCMC by using the TAPM-CTM system model by 
      using a bottom up air emission inventory; and (ii) Study loading capactities of 
      air pollutant emissions over Ho Chi Minh City. Simulations of air pollution were 
      conducted in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the largest city of Vietnam by using the 
      TAPM-CTM model. The model performance was evaluated using observed meteorological 
      data at Tan Son Hoa station and air quality data at the Ho Chi Minh City 
      University of Science. The model is then applied to simulate a retire 1-year 
      period to determine the levels of air pollutants in HCMC in 2017, 2025 and 2030. 
      The results show that the highest concentrations of CO, NO(2), and O(3) in 2017 
      exceeded the National technical regulation in ambient air quality (QCVN 05:2013) 
      1.5, 1.5, and 1.1 times, respectively. These values also will increase in 2025 
      and 2030 if the local government does not have any plan for the reduction of 
      emissions, especially, SO(2) in 2030 also will be 1.02 times higher than that in 
      QCVN 05:2013. The emission zoning was initially studied by calculating and 
      simulating the loading capacities of each pollutant based on the highest 
      concentration and the National technical regulation in ambient air quality. The 
      results show that the center of HCMC could not receive anymore the emission, even 
      needs to reduce half of the emission. Under the easterly prevailing wind in the 
      dry season, the high pollution was more likely to be experienced in the west of 
      Ho Chi Minh. In contrast, the eastern regions were the upwind areas and the 
      pollutants could transport to the downwind sectors. It was recommended that the 
      best strategy for emission control in HCMC is avoiding industrial and urban 
      development in the upwind areas to achieve better air quality for both areas. In 
      the case of necessity to choose one area for development, the downwind sector is 
      preferred. The results show that TAPM-CTM performed well as applied to simulate 
      the air quality in HCMC and is a promising tool to study the emission zoning.
FAU - Ho, Bang Quoc
AU  - Ho BQ
AD  - Institute For Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University in Ho Chi 
      Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. bangquoc@yahoo.com.
FAU - Vu, Khue Hoang Ngoc
AU  - Vu KHN
AD  - Institute For Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University in Ho Chi 
      Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Nguyen, Tam Thoai
AU  - Nguyen TT
AD  - Institute For Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University in Ho Chi 
      Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Nguyen, Hang Thi Thuy
AU  - Nguyen HTT
AD  - Institute For Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University in Ho Chi 
      Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Ho, Dung Minh
AU  - Ho DM
AD  - Institute For Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University in Ho Chi 
      Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Nguyen, Hien Nhu
AU  - Nguyen HN
AD  - Institute For Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University in Ho Chi 
      Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
FAU - Nguyen, Thuy Thi Thu
AU  - Nguyen TTT
AD  - Institute For Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University in Ho Chi 
      Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. thuynguyenktmt@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200402
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC7118091
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2020/04/04 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/04 06:01
PMCR- 2020/04/02
CRDT- 2020/04/04 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/02/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/04/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/04/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/04/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-020-62053-4 [pii]
AID - 62053 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-020-62053-4 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2020 Apr 2;10(1):5827. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62053-4.