PMID- 32245065
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201013
LR  - 20201013
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 6
DP  - 2020 Mar 20
TI  - Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Review of Conventional and Advanced Therapeutic 
      Strategies.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph17062078 [doi]
LID - 2078
AB  - Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are deficient in estrogen, 
      progesterone and ERBB2 receptor expression, presenting a particularly challenging 
      therapeutic target due to their highly invasive nature and relatively low 
      response to therapeutics. There is an absence of specific treatment strategies 
      for this tumor subgroup, and hence TNBC is managed with conventional 
      therapeutics, often leading to systemic relapse. In terms of histology and 
      transcription profile these cancers have similarities to BRCA-1-linked breast 
      cancers, and it is hypothesized that BRCA1 pathway is non-functional in this type 
      of breast cancer. In this review article, we discuss the different receptors 
      expressed by TNBC as well as the diversity of different signaling pathways 
      targeted by TNBC therapeutics, for example, Notch, Hedgehog, Wnt/b-Catenin as 
      well as TGF-beta signaling pathways. Additionally, many epidermal growth factor 
      receptor (EGFR), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and mammalian target of 
      rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors effectively inhibit the TNBCs, but they face 
      challenges of either resistance to drugs or relapse. The resistance of TNBC to 
      conventional therapeutic agents has helped in the advancement of advanced TNBC 
      therapeutic approaches including hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, as well as 
      nanomedicine-based targeted therapeutics of drugs, miRNA, siRNA, and aptamers, 
      which will also be discussed. Artificial intelligence is another tool that is 
      presented to enhance the diagnosis of TNBC.
FAU - Medina, Mauricio A
AU  - Medina MA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5068-7678
AD  - Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CINVESTAV, Zacatenco, Avenida 
      Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico.
FAU - Oza, Goldie
AU  - Oza G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1051-0795
AD  - Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Electroquimica (CIDETEQ), 
      Parque Tecnologico Queretaro s/n, Sanfandila. Pedro Escobedo, Queretaro 76703, 
      Mexico.
FAU - Sharma, Ashutosh
AU  - Sharma A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9000-1378
AD  - Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, 
      Av. Epigmenio Gonzalez No. 500, Fracc. San Pablo, Queretaro 76130, Mexico.
FAU - Arriaga, L G
AU  - Arriaga LG
AD  - Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Electroquimica (CIDETEQ), 
      Parque Tecnologico Queretaro s/n, Sanfandila. Pedro Escobedo, Queretaro 76703, 
      Mexico.
FAU - Hernandez Hernandez, Jose Manuel
AU  - Hernandez Hernandez JM
AD  - Department of Cell Biology, CINVESTAV, Zacatenco, Avenida Instituto Politecnico 
      Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico.
FAU - Rotello, Vincent M
AU  - Rotello VM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5184-5439
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, 
      Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
FAU - Ramirez, Jose Tapia
AU  - Ramirez JT
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4641-7181
AD  - Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, CINVESTAV, Zacatenco, Avenida 
      Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico.
LA  - eng
GR  - EB022641/NH/NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PT  - Review
DEP - 20200320
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface)
RN  - EC 2.4.2.30 (Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Artificial Intelligence
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
MH  - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors
MH  - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
MH  - Receptors, Cell Surface
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/metabolism/therapy
PMC - PMC7143295
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - artificial intelligence
OT  - immunotherapy
OT  - nanomedicine
OT  - theranostics
OT  - triple negative breast cancer
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2020/04/05 06:00
MHDA- 2020/10/21 06:00
PMCR- 2020/03/01
CRDT- 2020/04/05 06:00
PHST- 2020/01/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/03/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/03/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/04/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/04/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/10/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/03/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph17062078 [pii]
AID - ijerph-17-02078 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph17062078 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 20;17(6):2078. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph17062078.