PMID- 32260212
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2076-393X (Print)
IS  - 2076-393X (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-393X (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 2
DP  - 2020 Apr 3
TI  - Immune Responses and Protective Efficacy of a Formalin-Killed Francisella 
      Noatunensis Subsp. Orientalis Vaccine Evaluated through Intraperitoneal and 
      Immersion Challenge Methods in Oreochromis Niloticus.
LID - 10.3390/vaccines8020163 [doi]
LID - 163
AB  - Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno), an intracellular bacterium, 
      causes systemic granulomatous diseases, resulting in high mortality and huge 
      economic losses in Taiwanese tilapia farming. In this study, we tested the 
      efficacy of a formalin-killed Fno vaccine in cultured tilapia. Fno was isolated 
      from diseased tilapia, inactivated with formalin, and mixed with the mineral oil 
      base adjuvant (Montanide(TM) ISA 763 AVG). A total of 300 tilapia were divided 
      into two groups. The experimental group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 
      mL of vaccine, which was substituted with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in the 
      control group. A booster was administered at 2 weeks post-immunization. Tilapia 
      were challenged at 6 weeks post primary immunization by intraperitoneal (IP) 
      injection and immersion methods. Mortality was recorded at 21 and 60 days. The 
      results revealed that the vaccine induced a greater antibody titer and led to 71% 
      and 76% of relative percent survival (RPS) after the IP and immersion challenge. 
      The transcripts of proinflammatory cytokines and immune-related genes, including 
      interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), C-X-C motif chemokine 
      ligand 8 (CXCL8), and interleukin-17C (IL-17C), were significantly upregulated 
      after vaccination. Additionally, vaccinated fish had lower bacterial loads in the 
      blood and lower granuloma intensities in the kidney, spleen, liver, and gill than 
      control fish. The results in this study demonstrate that the inactivated Fno 
      vaccine could be an essential resource in Taiwanese tilapia farming.
FAU - Pulpipat, Theeraporn
AU  - Pulpipat T
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National 
      Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
FAU - Maekawa, Shun
AU  - Maekawa S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2406-2201
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National 
      Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
AD  - International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal 
      Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
AD  - Research Center for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
FAU - Wang, Pei-Chi
AU  - Wang PC
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National 
      Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
AD  - International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal 
      Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
AD  - Research Center for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
AD  - Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
FAU - Chen, Shih-Chu
AU  - Chen SC
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2885-9370
AD  - Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National 
      Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
AD  - International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal 
      Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
AD  - Research Center for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
AD  - Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, 
      National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
AD  - Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and 
      Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
LA  - eng
GR  - MOST 107-2313-B-020-012-MY3/Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200403
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Vaccines (Basel)
JT  - Vaccines
JID - 101629355
PMC - PMC7348880
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Francisella noatunensis susbsp. orientalis
OT  - Oreochromis niloticus
OT  - formalin-killed vaccine
OT  - immune response
COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any 
      commercial or financial relationships that could be constructed as a potential 
      conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/04/09 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/09 06:01
PMCR- 2020/04/03
CRDT- 2020/04/09 06:00
PHST- 2020/03/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/04/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/04/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/04/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/04/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/09 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/04/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - vaccines8020163 [pii]
AID - vaccines-08-00163 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/vaccines8020163 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Apr 3;8(2):163. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020163.