PMID- 32268779
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210809
LR  - 20210809
IS  - 1945-8932 (Electronic)
IS  - 1945-8932 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 5
DP  - 2020 Sep
TI  - Nasal Function Changes at High Altitude.
PG  - 618-625
LID - 10.1177/1945892420916393 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: An ever-increasing number of people are involved in sport activities 
      at high altitude. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the pulmonary and nasal 
      functions, including nasal cytology, in healthy volunteers moving for 1 week from 
      an altitude of 2000 m to another of 3400 m. METHODS: Peak nasal inspiratory flow 
      (PNIF), pulmonary function, including peak expiratory flow (PEF), mucociliary 
      transport time (MCTt), nasal cytology, and oxygen saturation (O(2) sat) were 
      studied in 5 different occasions-T1: at base camp (2000 m); T2: at the mountain 
      refuge (3400 m); T3: after 7 days at 3400 m; T4: after the return at the base 
      camp (2000 m); and T5: at the base camp (2000 m) after 15 days. RESULTS: With 
      respect to T1, PEF values decreased at T2 (P = .004), T3 (P = .004), T4 
      (P = .000), and T5 (P = .001). Forced expiratory volume in the first second and 
      forced vital capacity did not differ among the 5 different times of measurements. 
      In regard to T1, PNIF values increased at T2 (P = .003) and T3 (P = .001). MCTt 
      and O(2) sat showed similar but opposite changes with MCTt increased at T2 and T3 
      in respect to T1 (P = .000 for both), while O(2) sat decreased at T2 and T3 in 
      respect to T1 (P = .000 for both). At nasal cytology, the number of neutrophils 
      increased at T2 in respect to T1 (P = .008). At multivariate analysis, PNIF 
      changed with altitude from T1 to T4 even accounting for the effect of all the 
      other variables (T1 vs T2 PNIF, P = .009; T1 vs T3 PNIF, P = .007; T1 vs T4 PNIF, 
      P = .021). CONCLUSIONS: Although the study has some limitations, being conducted 
      on a small cohort and at no controlled environmental conditions, data seem to 
      support the utility of MCTt for studying nasal mucosa damage induced by high 
      altitude. Nasal cytology seems to be able to identify the inflammation of the 
      nasal mucosa exposed to hypoxia. Further investigations on larger series and 
      possibly conducted in hypobaric chamber at controlled standardized conditions are 
      necessary in order to confirm these results and, most importantly, the 
      improvement of PNIF at high altitude.
FAU - Ottaviano, Giancarlo
AU  - Ottaviano G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2433-4761
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 
      Padova, Italy.
FAU - Nardello, Ennio
AU  - Nardello E
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 
      Padova, Italy.
FAU - Pendolino, Alfonso Luca
AU  - Pendolino AL
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 
      Padova, Italy.
AD  - Department of ENT, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK.
FAU - Pozza, Martino Dalla
AU  - Pozza MD
AD  - Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of 
      Padova, Padova, Italy.
FAU - Russo, Massimiliano
AU  - Russo M
AD  - HARWARD- MIT Center For Regulatory Sciences, Harward Medical School & Department 
      of Data Sciences Dana Darber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
FAU - Savietto, Enrico
AU  - Savietto E
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, 
      Padova, Italy.
FAU - Andrews, Peter J
AU  - Andrews PJ
AD  - Department of ENT, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK.
AD  - Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK.
FAU - Ermolao, Andrea
AU  - Ermolao A
AD  - Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of 
      Padova, Padova, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200408
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Rhinol Allergy
JT  - American journal of rhinology & allergy
JID - 101490775
SB  - IM
MH  - *Altitude
MH  - Forced Expiratory Volume
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Nose/physiology
MH  - Respiratory Function Tests
MH  - Vital Capacity
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - FEV1
OT  - FVC
OT  - MCTt
OT  - O2 sat
OT  - PEF
OT  - PNIF
OT  - high altitude
OT  - nasal cytology
OT  - neutrophils
OT  - spirometry
EDAT- 2020/04/10 06:00
MHDA- 2021/08/10 06:00
CRDT- 2020/04/10 06:00
PHST- 2020/04/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/08/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/04/10 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1177/1945892420916393 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2020 Sep;34(5):618-625. doi: 10.1177/1945892420916393. Epub 
      2020 Apr 8.