PMID- 32271724
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200410
LR  - 20201218
IS  - 1545-861X (Electronic)
IS  - 0149-2195 (Print)
IS  - 0149-2195 (Linking)
VI  - 69
IP  - 14
DP  - 2020 Apr 10
TI  - Rapid Sentinel Surveillance for COVID-19 - Santa Clara County, California, March 
      2020.
PG  - 419-421
LID - 10.15585/mmwr.mm6914e3 [doi]
AB  - On February 27, 2020, the Santa Clara County Public Health Department (SCCPHD) 
      identified its first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with 
      probable community transmission (i.e., infection among persons without a known 
      exposure by travel or close contact with a patient with confirmed COVID-19). At 
      the time the investigation began, testing guidance recommended focusing on 
      persons with clinical findings of lower respiratory illness and travel to an 
      affected area or an epidemiologic link to a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case, 
      or on persons hospitalized for severe respiratory disease and no alternative 
      diagnosis (1). To rapidly understand the extent of COVID-19 in the community, 
      SCCPHD, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), and CDC began sentinel 
      surveillance in Santa Clara County. During March 5-14, 2020, four urgent care 
      centers in Santa Clara County participated as sentinel sites. For this 
      investigation, county residents evaluated for respiratory symptoms (e.g., fever, 
      cough, or shortness of breath) who had no known risk for COVID-19 were identified 
      at participating urgent care centers. A convenience sample of specimens that 
      tested negative for influenza virus was tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Among 226 
      patients who met the inclusion criteria, 23% had positive test results for 
      influenza. Among patients who had negative test results for influenza, 79 
      specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2, and 11% had evidence of infection. This 
      sentinel surveillance system helped confirm community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 
      in Santa Clara County. As a result of these data and an increasing number of 
      cases with no known source of transmission, the county initiated a series of 
      community mitigation strategies. Detection of community transmission is critical 
      for informing response activities, including testing criteria, quarantine 
      guidance, investigation protocols, and community mitigation measures (2). 
      Sentinel surveillance in outpatient settings and emergency departments, 
      implemented together with hospital-based surveillance, mortality surveillance, 
      and serologic surveys, can provide a robust approach to monitor the epidemiology 
      of COVID-19.
FAU - Zwald, Marissa L
AU  - Zwald ML
FAU - Lin, Wen
AU  - Lin W
FAU - Sondermeyer Cooksey, Gail L
AU  - Sondermeyer Cooksey GL
FAU - Weiss, Charles
AU  - Weiss C
FAU - Suarez, Angela
AU  - Suarez A
FAU - Fischer, Marc
AU  - Fischer M
FAU - Bonin, Brandon J
AU  - Bonin BJ
FAU - Jain, Seema
AU  - Jain S
FAU - Langley, Gayle E
AU  - Langley GE
FAU - Park, Benjamin J
AU  - Park BJ
FAU - Moulia, Danielle
AU  - Moulia D
FAU - Benedict, Rory
AU  - Benedict R
FAU - Nguyen, Nang
AU  - Nguyen N
FAU - Han, George S
AU  - Han GS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200410
PL  - United States
TA  - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
JT  - MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
JID - 7802429
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - COVID-19
MH  - COVID-19 Testing
MH  - California/epidemiology
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Clinical Laboratory Techniques
MH  - Community-Acquired Infections/*transmission
MH  - Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*transmission
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Pandemics
MH  - Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*transmission
MH  - *Sentinel Surveillance
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC7147906
COIS- All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical 
      Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. No 
      potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
EDAT- 2020/04/10 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/11 06:00
PMCR- 2020/04/10
CRDT- 2020/04/10 06:00
PHST- 2020/04/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/04/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/04/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - mm6914e3 [pii]
AID - 10.15585/mmwr.mm6914e3 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Apr 10;69(14):419-421. doi: 
      10.15585/mmwr.mm6914e3.