PMID- 32298369
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200727
LR  - 20200727
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2020
TI  - The spatial relation of diabetic retinal neurodegeneration with diabetic 
      retinopathy.
PG  - e0231552
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0231552 [doi]
LID - e0231552
AB  - PURPOSE: Diabetic retinal neurodegeneration (DRN) has been demonstrated in eyes 
      of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), even in the absence of diabetic 
      retinopathy (DR). However, no studies have looked at the rate of change in 
      retinal layers and presence/development of DR over time per quadrant of the 
      macula. In this longitudinal study, we aimed to clarify whether the rate of DRN 
      is associated with the development/presence of DR within 4 different quadrants of 
      the retina. METHODS: 80 eyes of 40 patients with type 1 DM and no/minimal DR were 
      included. At 4 visits over 6 years, SD-OCT and fundus images were acquired. 
      Thickness of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL), Ganglion Cell Layer (GCL) and 
      Inner Plexiform Layer (IPL) was measured in a 1-6mm circle around the fovea 
      overall and for each quadrant (superior, nasal, inferior, temporal). Fundus 
      images were scored for the presence/absence of DR in these areas. Multilevel 
      analyses were performed to determine the rate of change for each layer overall 
      and per quadrant for eyes/quadrants without and with DR during the follow-up 
      period. RESULTS: RNFL and GCL showed significant thinning over time, IPL 
      significant thickening. These changes were more pronounced for GCL and IPL in 
      eyes/quadrants with DR during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: RNFL and GCL 
      both showed thinning over time, which was more pronounced in eyes with DR for 
      GCL. This holds true even in regional parts of the retina, as quadrant analyses 
      showed similar results, showing that structural DRN is associated with DR per 
      quadrant independently.
FAU - van de Kreeke, Jacoba A
AU  - van de Kreeke JA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0165-1839
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Darma, Stanley
AU  - Darma S
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Chan Pin Yin, Jill M P L
AU  - Chan Pin Yin JMPL
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3068-0946
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Tan, H Stevie
AU  - Tan HS
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The 
      Netherlands.
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Abramoff, Michael D
AU  - Abramoff MD
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospital & 
      Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America.
AD  - VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America.
AD  - IDx, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America.
FAU - Twisk, Jos W R
AU  - Twisk JWR
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, 
      Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
FAU - Verbraak, Frank D
AU  - Verbraak FD
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The 
      Netherlands.
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The 
      Netherlands.
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 EY025580/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EY018853/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EY019112/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 EY017066/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200416
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*complications
MH  - Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology/*pathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Fundus Oculi
MH  - Humans
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Macula Lutea/pathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Retina/*pathology
MH  - Retinal Degeneration/etiology/*pathology
MH  - Retinal Neurons/pathology
MH  - Tomography, Optical Coherence
PMC - PMC7161968
COIS- Co-author Michael D. Abramoff is employed by the company 'IDx'. This does not 
      alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. IDx did 
      not play a role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to 
      publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
EDAT- 2020/04/17 06:00
MHDA- 2020/07/28 06:00
PMCR- 2020/04/16
CRDT- 2020/04/17 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/03/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/04/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/04/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/07/28 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/04/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-19-29938 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0231552 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2020 Apr 16;15(4):e0231552. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231552. 
      eCollection 2020.