PMID- 32319178
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211007
LR  - 20211007
IS  - 1097-0177 (Electronic)
IS  - 1058-8388 (Linking)
VI  - 249
IP  - 9
DP  - 2020 Sep
TI  - CXCL12 is required for stirrup-shaped stapes formation during mammalian middle 
      ear development.
PG  - 1117-1126
LID - 10.1002/dvdy.180 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The mammalian middle ear comprises a chain of three ossicles-the 
      malleus, incus, and stapes-each of which has a unique morphology for efficiently 
      transmitting sound information. In particular, the stapes, which is attached to 
      the inner ear, is stirrup-shaped with a head and base connected by two crural 
      arches, forming the stapedial foramen, through which the stapedial artery passes. 
      However, how the stapes acquires this critical stirrup shape for association with 
      the stapedial artery during development is not clear. RESULTS: C-X-C motif 
      chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is a chemoattractant essential for cellular movement 
      and angiogenesis. In Cxcl12 (-/-) embryos, migration of neural crest cells into 
      the prospective middle ear regions and their mesenchymal condensation to form the 
      three ossicles proceed normally in correct alignment with each other and the 
      inner ear. However, in the absence of CXCL12, the stapes loses its stirrup shape 
      and instead exhibits a columnar shape lacking the crural arches and central hole. 
      In addition, although the stapedial artery initially forms during early 
      mesenchymal condensation of the stapes, it degenerates without CXCL12 function. 
      CONCLUSION: CXCL12 plays an essential role in establishing the stirrup-shaped 
      architecture of the stapes, possibly by maintaining the stapedial foramen and 
      stapedial artery throughout development.
CI  - (c) 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FAU - Ankamreddy, Harinarayana
AU  - Ankamreddy H
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
AD  - BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 
      Seoul, South Korea.
FAU - Koo, Heiyeun
AU  - Koo H
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
AD  - BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 
      Seoul, South Korea.
FAU - Lee, Young Jae
AU  - Lee YJ
AD  - Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South 
      Korea.
FAU - Bok, Jinwoong
AU  - Bok J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1958-1872
AD  - Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
AD  - BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 
      Seoul, South Korea.
AD  - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 
      South Korea.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2014M3A9D5A01073865/National Research Foundation of Korea/International
GR  - 2016R1A5A2008630/National Research Foundation of Korea/International
GR  - 2017R1A2B3009133/National Research Foundation of Korea/International
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200502
PL  - United States
TA  - Dev Dyn
JT  - Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of 
      Anatomists
JID - 9201927
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CXCL12)
RN  - 0 (Cxcl12 protein, mouse)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chemokine CXCL12/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Ear, Middle/cytology/*embryology
MH  - Embryo, Mammalian/cytology/*embryology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Knockout
MH  - *Organogenesis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CXCL12
OT  - middle ear
OT  - ossicle
OT  - stapedial artery
OT  - stapedial foramen
OT  - stapes
EDAT- 2020/04/23 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/08 06:00
CRDT- 2020/04/23 06:00
PHST- 2019/11/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/04/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/04/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/04/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/04/23 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/dvdy.180 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Dev Dyn. 2020 Sep;249(9):1117-1126. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.180. Epub 2020 May 2.