PMID- 32347032
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20220414
IS  - 2228-5806 (Print)
IS  - 2228-5814 (Electronic)
IS  - 2228-5806 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 4
DP  - 2021 Jan
TI  - The Immunomodulatory Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field on Serum 
      Cytokine Levels in A Mouse Model of Hindlimb Unloading.
PG  - 401-405
LID - 10.22074/cellj.2021.6856 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Astronauts are exposed to a wide range of environmental stresses 
      during spaceflights that reduce their immune responses and make them more 
      susceptible to infections and malignancies. Exposure to a low dose of a certain 
      stress induces an adaptive response, which leads to resistance to higher doses of 
      the same or other types of stress. We designed this study to investigate the 
      effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF)-induced adaptive response 
      on immune system modulation in a mouse model of hindlimb unloading (HU) as a 
      ground-based animal model of spaceflight conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 
      this experimental study, serum levels of T helper (Th)-mediated cytokines were 
      determined by the multiplex cytometric bead assay in four groups of mice (n=10 
      per group): HU mice, RF-EMF-treated mice, HU mice pre-exposed to RF-EMF; and 
      untreated controls. Mice were exposed to 2450 MHz RF-EMF with SAR 0.478 W/ kg for 
      12 hours/day for three successive days. RESULTS: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha 
      (TNF-alpha), interleukin-9 (IL-9) and IL-22 were significantly decreased in HU mice. 
      Comparison between HU mice and RF-EMF-treated mice showed an opposite change in 
      IL-6, while IL-9, IL-22, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha decreased in both groups. However, just 
      interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) was significantly decreased in HU mice that were 
      pre-exposed to RF-EMF compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The effect of 
      RF-EMF in elevating IL-6 and reducing IL-9 in opposite directions in HU mice 
      suggest a modulating effect of RF-EMF on HU-induced changes in these cytokines, 
      as Th2 and Th9 eventually returned to normal levels and balances in cytokine 
      ratios were also restored in HU mice pre-exposed to RF-EMF.
CI  - Copyright(c) by Royan Institute. All rights reserved.
FAU - Aghajari, Sima
AU  - Aghajari S
AD  - Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
FAU - Mortazavi, Sayed Mohammad Javad
AU  - Mortazavi SMJ
AD  - Department of Medical Physics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 
      Iran.
FAU - Kalani, Mehdi
AU  - Kalani M
AD  - Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AD  - Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of 
      Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
FAU - Nematolahi, Samaneh
AU  - Nematolahi S
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
FAU - Habibzadeh, Parham
AU  - Habibzadeh P
AD  - R and D Department, Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz, Iran.
AD  - Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
FAU - Farjadian, Shirin
AU  - Farjadian S
AD  - Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 
      Electronic Address: farjadsh@sums.ac.ir.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200422
PL  - Iran
TA  - Cell J
JT  - Cell journal
JID - 101566618
PMC - PMC7211291
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cytokine
OT  - Flow Cytometry
OT  - Hindlimb Suspension
OT  - Radio Wave
COIS- There is no conflict of interest in this study.
EDAT- 2020/04/30 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/30 06:01
PMCR- 2021/01/01
CRDT- 2020/04/30 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/07/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/04/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/04/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/30 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.22074/cellj.2021.6856 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cell J. 2021 Jan;22(4):401-405. doi: 10.22074/cellj.2021.6856. Epub 2020 Apr 22.