PMID- 32349313
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201002
LR  - 20201002
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 9
DP  - 2020 Apr 27
TI  - Child Salivary SIgA and Its Relationship to Enteric Infections and EED Biomarkers 
      in Maputo, Mozambique.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph17093035 [doi]
LID - 3035
AB  - Characterizing child immunological responses to enteric infections with antibody 
      detection in serum can be challenging in resource-constrained field settings, 
      because sample collection requires trained individuals and its invasive procedure 
      may lead to low response rates, especially among children. Saliva may present a 
      promising non-invasive alternative. The objectives of this research were to 
      compare salivary antibody levels in children to enteric infections and biomarkers 
      of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). We collected saliva samples from 
      children aged one to six years enrolled in a sanitation trial in Maputo, 
      Mozambique, and characterized salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) 
      concentrations with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We used multilevel linear 
      models to analyze cross-sectional associations between salivary SIgA and the 
      number of concurrent enteric pathogen infections, as well as EED biomarkers in 
      matched stool samples. Median salivary SIgA concentrations in this study 
      population were 54 mug/mL (inter-quartile range (IQR): 34, 85 mug/mL), and SIgA 
      levels were similar between children of different ages. SIgA was lower in 
      children experiencing a higher number of concurrent infections -0.04 log mug/mL 
      (95% confidence interval (CI): -0.08 to -0.005 log mug/mL), but was not associated 
      with any of the included EED biomarkers. Contrary to evidence from high-income 
      countries that suggests salivary SIgA increases rapidly with age in young 
      children, the high prevalence of enteric infections may have led to a suppression 
      of immunological development in this study sample and could in part explain the 
      similar SIgA levels between children of different ages.
FAU - Goddard, Frederick G B
AU  - Goddard FGB
AD  - Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, 
      Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
FAU - Knee, Jacqueline
AU  - Knee J
AD  - School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 
      Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
AD  - Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 
      London WC1E 7HT, UK.
FAU - Sumner, Trent
AU  - Sumner T
AD  - School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 
      Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
FAU - Nala, Rassul
AU  - Nala R
AD  - Instituto Nacional de Saude-Ministerio da Saude Maputo-Mozambique, Maputo C.P. 
      264, Mozambique.
FAU - Clasen, Thomas
AU  - Clasen T
AD  - Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, 
      Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
FAU - Brown, Joe
AU  - Brown J
AD  - School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 
      Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20200427
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin A, Secretory)
RN  - EC 2.1.1.43 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biomarkers/analysis
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Environmental Biomarkers
MH  - *Environmental Health
MH  - *Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis/microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis
MH  - Infant
MH  - *Infections/diagnosis
MH  - Male
MH  - Mozambique
MH  - Polycomb Repressive Complex 2
MH  - Saliva/chemistry
PMC - PMC7246514
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - enteric pathogens
OT  - global health
OT  - immunology
OT  - infectious diseases
OT  - salivary antibodies
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/05/01 06:00
MHDA- 2020/10/03 06:00
PMCR- 2020/05/01
CRDT- 2020/05/01 06:00
PHST- 2020/03/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/04/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/04/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/05/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/05/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/10/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph17093035 [pii]
AID - ijerph-17-03035 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph17093035 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 27;17(9):3035. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph17093035.