PMID- 32359881
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200923
LR  - 20200923
IS  - 1545-1534 (Electronic)
IS  - 1080-6032 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 2
DP  - 2020 Jun
TI  - Total Energy Intake and Self-Selected Macronutrient Distribution During Wildland 
      Fire Suppression.
PG  - 188-196
LID - S1080-6032(20)30020-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.wem.2020.01.009 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Wildland firefighters (WLFF) work long hours in extreme 
      environments, resulting in high daily total energy expenditure. Increasing 
      work-shift eating episodes and/or providing rations that promote convenient 
      eating has shown augmented self-selected work output, as has regular carbohydrate 
      (CHO) consumption. It remains unclear how current WLFF feeding strategies compare 
      to more frequent nutrient delivery. Our aim was to determine WLFFs' self-selected 
      field total energy intake (TEI), composition, and feeding patterns during 
      wildland fire suppression shifts. METHODS: WLFF were deployed to fire incidents 
      across the United States throughout the 2018 fire season. Preshift food 
      inventories collected at basecamp provided item-specific nutrient content 
      (kilocalories, CHO, fat, protein). Work shift consumption (TEI, feeding 
      frequency, episodic composition) was monitored in real time by field researchers 
      on fireline via observational data capture using mobile tablets. Shift work 
      output was also quantified via actigraph accelerometry. RESULTS: Eighty-six WLFF 
      (27.5+/-6.4 y; 16 female, 70 male) worked 14.0+/-1.1 h shifts, with a TEI of 6.3+/-2.5 
      MJ (1494+/-592 kcal) (51+/-10, 37+/-9, 13+/-4% for CHO, fat, and protein, respectively). 
      WLFF averaged 4.3+/-1.6 eating episodes (1.4+/-1.3 MJ [345+/-306 kcal] and 44+/-38 g 
      CHO.episode(-1)). WLFF who consumed >20 kcal.kg(-1) averaged less sedentary 
      activity than those consuming <16 kcal.kg(-1). Data are presented as mean+/-SD. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Not including fire camp meals (breakfast, dinner), the present 
      work-shift TEI approximates 33% of previously determined WLFF total energy 
      expenditure and demonstrates that current WLFF consumption patterns may not 
      deliver adequate nutrients for occupational demands.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Marks, Alexander N
AU  - Marks AN
AD  - Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, University of 
      Montana, Missoula, MT.
FAU - Sol, Joseph A
AU  - Sol JA
AD  - National Technology and Development Program, United States Department of 
      Agriculture Forest Service, Missoula, MT.
FAU - Domitrovich, Joseph W
AU  - Domitrovich JW
AD  - National Technology and Development Program, United States Department of 
      Agriculture Forest Service, Missoula, MT.
FAU - West, Molly R
AU  - West MR
AD  - School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
FAU - Ruby, Brent C
AU  - Ruby BC
AD  - Montana Center for Work Physiology and Exercise Metabolism, University of 
      Montana, Missoula, MT. Electronic address: brent.ruby@mso.umt.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200429
PL  - United States
TA  - Wilderness Environ Med
JT  - Wilderness & environmental medicine
JID - 9505185
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Energy Intake
MH  - Female
MH  - Firefighters/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - *Nutrients
MH  - *Nutritional Status
MH  - United States
MH  - Wildfires
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - carbohydrate
OT  - field study
OT  - occupational physiology
OT  - performance monitoring
OT  - wildland firefighting
EDAT- 2020/05/04 06:00
MHDA- 2020/09/24 06:00
CRDT- 2020/05/04 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/01/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/01/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/05/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/09/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/05/04 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1080-6032(20)30020-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.wem.2020.01.009 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Wilderness Environ Med. 2020 Jun;31(2):188-196. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2020.01.009. 
      Epub 2020 Apr 29.