PMID- 32361120
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200622
LR  - 20200622
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 728
DP  - 2020 Aug 1
TI  - Oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in saline water by unactivated peroxymonosulfate: 
      Mechanism, kinetics and implication for in situ chemical oxidation.
PG  - 138826
LID - S0048-9697(20)32343-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138826 [doi]
AB  - Inorganic and organic pollutants present a hazard to surface and groundwater 
      resources. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO(5)(-)) has received increasing attention 
      for in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) capable of remediating contaminated sites. 
      Considering that saline waters occur widely in natural environments, it is 
      desirable to evaluate the effect of Cl(-) on the PMS oxidation of organic 
      compounds. In this study, 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was used as a model 
      pollutant. At a PMS concentration of 2.0 mM, Cl(-) concentration of 50 mM, and 
      solution pH of 7.0, 2,4-DCP was completely degraded by PMS in the presence of 
      Cl(-) (PMS/Cl(-) system), while PMS alone exhibited almost no reactivity with 
      2,4-DCP. The degradation of 2,4-DCP was optimized at a solution pH of 8.4 and 
      high concentrations of PMS and Cl(-). Quenching experiments and degradation 
      pathway analyses indicated that HClO was responsible for 2,4-DCP oxidation, and 
      HClO was mainly generated by the interaction of Cl(-) with HSO(5)(-), rather than 
      SO(5)(2-). Consequently, the transformation from HSO(5)(-) to HClO appeared under 
      a solution pH of 10.0 and was favored in an acidic solution. Given the ambient pH 
      and Cl(-) concentrations of saline waters, a considerable amount of HClO may be 
      produced by the interaction of PMS with Cl(-) in the oxidant delivery stage of 
      ISCO processes. Interestingly, H(2)O(2) and peroxydisulfate did not exhibit 
      reactions similar to those of PMS. This research indicated that caution must be 
      exercised when choosing an oxidant for ISCO processes in saline waters.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zeng, Huabin
AU  - Zeng H
AD  - Department of Separation Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 
      Mikkeli, Finland.
FAU - Zhao, Xu
AU  - Zhao X
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for 
      Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
FAU - Zhao, Feiping
AU  - Zhao F
AD  - Department of Separation Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 
      Mikkeli, Finland; Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy 
      and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China. Electronic 
      address: Feiping.Zhao@lut.fi.
FAU - Park, Yuri
AU  - Park Y
AD  - Department of Separation Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 
      Mikkeli, Finland.
FAU - Repo, Eveliina
AU  - Repo E
AD  - Department of Separation Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 
      Mikkeli, Finland.
FAU - Thangaraj, Senthil K
AU  - Thangaraj SK
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 
      Joensuu, Finland.
FAU - Janis, Janne
AU  - Janis J
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 
      Joensuu, Finland.
FAU - Sillanpaa, Mika
AU  - Sillanpaa M
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida International 
      University, Miami, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200421
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 2,4-Dichlorophenol
OT  - Cl(-)
OT  - Hypochlorous acid
OT  - In situ chemical oxidation
OT  - Peroxymonosulfate
COIS- Declaration of competing interest We declare that we have no financial and 
      personal relationships with other people or organizations that can 
      inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal 
      interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could 
      be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the 
      manuscript entitled, "Oxidation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol in Saline Water by 
      Unactivated Peroxymonosulfate: Mechanism, Kinetics and Implication for in-situ 
      Chemical Oxidation".
EDAT- 2020/05/04 06:00
MHDA- 2020/05/04 06:01
CRDT- 2020/05/04 06:00
PHST- 2020/01/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/04/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/04/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/05/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/05/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/05/04 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(20)32343-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138826 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2020 Aug 1;728:138826. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138826. 
      Epub 2020 Apr 21.