PMID- 32408549
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210222
LR  - 20210222
IS  - 1422-0067 (Electronic)
IS  - 1422-0067 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 10
DP  - 2020 May 12
TI  - Identification of the MAPK Cascade and its Relationship with Nitrogen Metabolism 
      in the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
LID - 10.3390/ijms21103417 [doi]
LID - 3417
AB  - The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) form part of a signaling cascade 
      through phosphorylation reactions conserved in all eukaryotic organisms. The MAPK 
      cascades are mainly composed by three proteins, MAPKKKs, MAPKKs and MAPKs. Some 
      signals induce MAPKKK-mediated phosphorylation and activation of MAPKK that 
      phosphorylate and activate MAPK. Afterward, MAPKs can act either in the cytoplasm 
      or be imported into the nucleus to activate other proteins or transcription 
      factors. In the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii the pathway for 
      nitrogen (N) assimilation is well characterized, yet its regulation still has 
      many unknown features. Nitric oxide (NO) is a fundamental signal molecule for N 
      regulation, where nitrate reductase (NR) plays a central role in its synthesis. 
      The MAPK cascades could be regulating N assimilation, since it has been described 
      that the phosphorylation of NR by MAPK6 promotes NO production in Arabidopsis 
      thaliana. We have identified the proteins involved in the MAPK cascades in 
      Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, finding 17 MAPKs, 2 MAPKKs and 108 MAPKKKs (11 MEKK-, 
      94 RAF- and 3 ZIK-type) that have been structurally and phylogenetically 
      characterized. The genetic expressions of MAPKs and the MAPKK were slightly 
      regulated by N. However, the genetic expressions of MAPKKKs RAF14 and RAF79 
      showed a very strong repression by ammonium, which suggests that they may have a 
      key role in the regulation of N assimilation, encouraging to further analyze in 
      detail the role of MAPK cascades in the regulation of N metabolism.
FAU - Gomez-Osuna, Aitor
AU  - Gomez-Osuna A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1713-9503
AD  - Departamento. de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus 
      Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, 
      Universidad de Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
FAU - Calatrava, Victoria
AU  - Calatrava V
AD  - Departamento. de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus 
      Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, 
      Universidad de Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
FAU - Galvan, Aurora
AU  - Galvan A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7564-2281
AD  - Departamento. de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus 
      Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, 
      Universidad de Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
FAU - Fernandez, Emilio
AU  - Fernandez E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5957-5392
AD  - Departamento. de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus 
      Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, 
      Universidad de Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
FAU - Llamas, Angel
AU  - Llamas A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6042-9472
AD  - Departamento. de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Campus de Rabanales y Campus 
      Internacional de Excelencia Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Edificio Severo Ochoa, 
      Universidad de Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain.
LA  - eng
GR  - BFU2015-70649-P/Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de 
      Espana/International
GR  - ALGARED_PLUS5_E/Interreg/International
GR  - 2019/Plan Propio de la Universidad de Cordoba, Espana/International
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200512
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Mol Sci
JT  - International journal of molecular sciences
JID - 101092791
RN  - 0 (Algal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.24 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.25 (MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.12.2 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases)
RN  - N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Algal Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Ammonium Compounds/metabolism
MH  - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - *MAP Kinase Signaling System
MH  - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Nitrogen/*metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction/genetics
PMC - PMC7279229
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chlamydomonas
OT  - MAPK
OT  - MAPKK
OT  - MAPKKK
OT  - nitratereductase
OT  - nitric oxide
OT  - nitrogen
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/05/16 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/23 06:00
PMCR- 2020/05/01
CRDT- 2020/05/16 06:00
PHST- 2020/03/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/04/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/05/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/05/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/05/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijms21103417 [pii]
AID - ijms-21-03417 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijms21103417 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Mol Sci. 2020 May 12;21(10):3417. doi: 10.3390/ijms21103417.