PMID- 32411063
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 1664-1078 (Print)
IS  - 1664-1078 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-1078 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2020
TI  - No Robust Effect of Distributed Practice on the Short- and Long-Term Retention of 
      Mathematical Procedures.
PG  - 811
LID - 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00811 [doi]
LID - 811
AB  - We investigated the effect of distributed practice and more specifically the "lag 
      effect" concerning the retention of mathematical procedures. The lag effect 
      implies that longer retention intervals benefit from longer inter-study intervals 
      (ISIs). University students (N = 235) first learned how to solve permutation 
      tasks and then practiced this procedure with an ISI of zero (i.e., massed), one, 
      or 11 days. The final test took place after one or five weeks. All conditions 
      were manipulated between-subjects. Contrary to our expectations, the analyses 
      revealed no effect of distributed practice and therewith also no lag effect, even 
      though the sample size was sufficiently large. The only significant effect was 
      that test performance was poorer after 5 weeks than after 1 week. In view of the 
      present results and those of other studies, we assume that distributed practice 
      works differently for declarative and procedural knowledge, with less robust of 
      even absent effects when procedural skills are practiced with ISIs compared to 
      massed practice.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Ebersbach and Barzagar Nazari.
FAU - Ebersbach, Mirjam
AU  - Ebersbach M
AD  - Division of Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of 
      Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
FAU - Barzagar Nazari, Katharina
AU  - Barzagar Nazari K
AD  - Division of Developmental Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of 
      Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200429
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Psychol
JT  - Frontiers in psychology
JID - 101550902
PMC - PMC7201105
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - desirable difficulties
OT  - distributed practice
OT  - lag effect
OT  - mathematics learning
OT  - procedural knowledge
OT  - spacing
EDAT- 2020/05/16 06:00
MHDA- 2020/05/16 06:01
PMCR- 2020/04/29
CRDT- 2020/05/16 06:00
PHST- 2019/09/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/04/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/05/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/05/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/05/16 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/04/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00811 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Psychol. 2020 Apr 29;11:811. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00811. eCollection 
      2020.