PMID- 32418766
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210917
LR  - 20210917
IS  - 2095-4964 (Print)
VI  - 18
IP  - 4
DP  - 2020 Jul
TI  - In vitro cytotoxic and toxicological activities of ethanolic extract of 
      Kaempferia galanga Linn. and its active component, ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate, 
      against cholangiocarcinoma.
PG  - 326-333
LID - S2095-4964(20)30038-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.joim.2020.04.002 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytotoxic, apoptotic, mutagenic and immunomodulatory 
      activities of Kaempferia galanga Linn. (KG) extract and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate 
      (EPMC) in vitro. METHODS: The present study investigated the cytotoxic [using the 
      3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide test], 
      apoptotic (using a mitochondrial membrane potential assay), mutagenic (using a 
      micronucleus test) and immunomodulatory (using flow cytometry) activities of the 
      ethanolic extract of KG and its bioactive component, EPMC, against two 
      cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell lines, CL-6 and HuCCT1, and one normal human cell 
      line, OUMS-36T-1F. RESULTS: Both KG extract and EPMC exhibited moderate cytotoxic 
      activity against both CCA cells. The cytotoxic activity was supported by their 
      concentration-dependent induction of apoptosis. CL-6 was most sensitive (3-4 
      fold) and selective to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), compared with KG extract and EPMC 
      [median half inhibiting concentration (IC(50)) and selectivity index (SI) were 
      23.01 mug/mL and 17.32; 78.41 mug/mL and 4.44; 100.76 mug/mL and 2.20, respectively 
      for 5-FU vs. KG extract vs. EPMC]. HuCCT1 was relatively more sensitive and 
      selective to 5-FU and EPMC than KG extract [median IC(50) and SI were 66.03 mug/mL 
      and 6.04; 60.90 mug/mL and 3.65; 156.60 mug/mL and 2.23, respectively for 5-FU vs. 
      EPMC vs. KG extract]. EPMC produced relatively potent cytotoxic activity against 
      polymorphonuclear cells (IC(50) = 92.20 mug/mL). KG extract and EPMC exhibited 
      concentration-dependent mutagenic activity, as well as inhibition of tumor 
      necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. CONCLUSION: Considering cytotoxic, 
      apoptotic, immunomodulatory and mutagenic activities, further development of KG 
      as a drug candidate is likely to focus on the oral pharmaceutical formulation of 
      a standardized KG extract rather than isolated compounds.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Shanghai Changhai Hospital. Published by Elsevier B.V. All 
      rights reserved.
FAU - Tritripmongkol, Porwornwisit
AU  - Tritripmongkol P
AD  - Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of 
      Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
FAU - Plengsuriyakarn, Tullayakorn
AU  - Plengsuriyakarn T
AD  - Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of 
      Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Center of 
      Excellence in Molecular Biology and Pharmacology of Malaria and 
      Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat 
      University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
FAU - Tarasuk, Mayuri
AU  - Tarasuk M
AD  - Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of 
      Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Center of 
      Excellence in Molecular Biology and Pharmacology of Malaria and 
      Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat 
      University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
FAU - Na-Bangchang, Kesara
AU  - Na-Bangchang K
AD  - Graduate Program in Bioclinical Sciences, Chulabhorn International College of 
      Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Center of 
      Excellence in Molecular Biology and Pharmacology of Malaria and 
      Cholangiocarcinoma, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat 
      University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Drug Discovery and Development Center, 
      Office of Advanced Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 
      12120, Thailand. Electronic address: Kesaratmu@yahoo.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200422
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Integr Med
JT  - Journal of integrative medicine
JID - 101603118
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/*pharmacology
MH  - *Bile Duct Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
MH  - *Cholangiocarcinoma/drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Plant Extracts/*pharmacology
MH  - *Zingiberaceae/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Apoptosis
OT  - Cholangiocarcinoma
OT  - Cytotoxicity
OT  - Immunomodulatory activity
OT  - Kaempferia galanga Linn.
OT  - Mutagenicity
EDAT- 2020/05/19 06:00
MHDA- 2021/09/18 06:00
CRDT- 2020/05/19 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/12/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/05/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/09/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/05/19 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S2095-4964(20)30038-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.joim.2020.04.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Integr Med. 2020 Jul;18(4):326-333. doi: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.04.002. Epub 2020 
      Apr 22.