PMID- 32421966
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200831
LR  - 20200831
IS  - 1040-8401 (Print)
IS  - 1040-8401 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 4
DP  - 2019
TI  - Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Disorders: Advances in Therapeutic Interventions.
PG  - 223-237
LID - 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2019030614 [doi]
AB  - Human gut microbiota consist of numerous microorganisms, but the most abundant 
      species are Bacteroides and Firmicutes. Each human possesses a specific gut 
      microbiota, which can be altered by diet, antibiotics, lifestyle, and genetic 
      background. Gut microbiota perform vital functions, but in this article, we aimed 
      to elaborate the effects of modified composition of microbiota on host 
      metabolism. Ligands for G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are short-chain fatty 
      acids (SCFAs) located on endocrine glands, epithelial cells, and adipocytes. 
      SCFAs are produced in the distal gut by bacterial fermentation of nondigestible 
      polysaccharides; they induce the various beneficial effects including decrease 
      serum glucose level, insulin resistance, as well as inflammation; and they 
      increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. Fasting-induced adipose 
      factor (FIAF) is suppressed by gut microbiota and results in the increased 
      storage of fatty acids in the adipose tissues and liver. An increased 
      lipopolysaccharide level due to altered gut microflora cause the initiation of 
      inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Intestinal 
      dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxemia are considered key mechanisms that seem to be 
      associated with the development of T2DM and obesity. Therapeutic interventions 
      that can be used for the treatment of diabetes include metformin, dietary 
      modulation, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and 
      bariatric surgery.
FAU - Akash, Muhammad Sajid Hamid
AU  - Akash MSH
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 
      Pakistan.
FAU - Fiayyaz, Fareeha
AU  - Fiayyaz F
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 
      Pakistan; Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, 
      Pakistan.
FAU - Rehman, Kanwal
AU  - Rehman K
AD  - Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
FAU - Sabir, Shakila
AU  - Sabir S
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 
      Pakistan; Department of Pharmacology, Government College University Faisalabad, 
      Pakistan.
FAU - Rasool, Muhammad Hidayat
AU  - Rasool MH
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Crit Rev Immunol
JT  - Critical reviews in immunology
JID - 8914819
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacteroides/*physiology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism
MH  - Dysbiosis
MH  - Fatty Acids/*metabolism
MH  - Firmicutes/*physiology
MH  - Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*immunology
MH  - Host-Pathogen Interactions
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/*metabolism
MH  - Metabolic Diseases
MH  - Obesity/*metabolism
EDAT- 2019/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2020/09/01 06:00
CRDT- 2020/05/19 06:00
PHST- 2020/05/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/09/01 06:00 [medline]
AID - 73650a9a449aa3f2,1f817d0b2d13d2a3 [pii]
AID - 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2019030614 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Rev Immunol. 2019;39(4):223-237. doi: 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2019030614.