PMID- 32440333
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240328
IS  - 2045-1253 (Print)
IS  - 2045-1261 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-1253 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2020
TI  - Ketamine as an antidepressant: overview of its mechanisms of action and potential 
      predictive biomarkers.
PG  - 2045125320916657
LID - 10.1177/2045125320916657 [doi]
LID - 2045125320916657
AB  - Ketamine, a drug introduced in the 1960s as an anesthetic agent and still used 
      for that purpose, has garnered marked interest over the past two decades as an 
      emerging treatment for major depressive disorder. With increasing evidence of its 
      efficacy in treatment-resistant depression and its potential anti-suicidal 
      action, a great deal of investigation has been conducted on elucidating 
      ketamine's effects on the brain. Of particular interest and therapeutic potential 
      is the ability of ketamine to exert rapid antidepressant properties as early as 
      several hours after administration. This is in stark contrast to the delayed 
      effects observed with traditional antidepressants, often requiring several weeks 
      of therapy for a clinical response. Furthermore, ketamine appears to have a 
      unique mechanism of action involving glutamate modulation via actions at the 
      N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic 
      acid (AMPA) receptors, as well as downstream activation of brain-derived 
      neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling 
      pathways to potentiate synaptic plasticity. This paper provides a brief overview 
      of ketamine with regard to pharmacology/pharmacokinetics, toxicology, the current 
      state of clinical trials on depression, postulated antidepressant mechanisms and 
      potential biomarkers (biochemical, inflammatory, metabolic, neuroimaging 
      sleep-related and cognitive) for predicting response to and/or monitoring of 
      therapeutic outcome with ketamine.
CI  - (c) The Author(s), 2020.
FAU - Matveychuk, Dmitriy
AU  - Matveychuk D
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, 
      Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
FAU - Thomas, Rejish K
AU  - Thomas RK
AD  - Grey Nuns Community Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, 
      Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
FAU - Swainson, Jennifer
AU  - Swainson J
AD  - Misericordia Community Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, University of 
      Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
FAU - Khullar, Atul
AU  - Khullar A
AD  - Grey Nuns Community Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, 
      Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
FAU - MacKay, Mary-Anne
AU  - MacKay MA
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, 
      Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
FAU - Baker, Glen B
AU  - Baker GB
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1581-6486
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, 
      12-105B Clin Sci Bldg, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
FAU - Dursun, Serdar M
AU  - Dursun SM
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Neurochemical Research Unit, University of Alberta, 
      Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200511
PL  - England
TA  - Ther Adv Psychopharmacol
JT  - Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology
JID - 101555693
PMC - PMC7225830
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - antidepressant
OT  - biomarkers
OT  - cognition
OT  - ketamine
OT  - mechanism of action
OT  - metabolism
OT  - neuroimaging
OT  - sleep
COIS- Conflict of interest statement: JS has been paid speaking honoraria by Otsuka and 
      Lundbeck and has served on advisory boards for Otsuka, Lundbeck, and Janssen. RKT 
      and SMD have also served on advisory boards for Janssen. AK has been paid 
      honoraria for speaking from, and has served on advisory boards for Pfizer, 
      Takeda, Lundbeck, Janssen-Ortho, Purdue, Sunovion, Allergan, Otsuka and Merck, 
      and has received speaking honoraria from Bausch Health; he has also received 
      research funding from AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer and Merck. None of the 
      companies mentioned above has had a role in the preparation of this review paper.
EDAT- 2020/05/23 06:00
MHDA- 2020/05/23 06:01
PMCR- 2020/05/11
CRDT- 2020/05/23 06:00
PHST- 2020/01/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/03/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/05/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/05/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/05/23 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2020/05/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177_2045125320916657 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/2045125320916657 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2020 May 11;10:2045125320916657. doi: 
      10.1177/2045125320916657. eCollection 2020.