PMID- 32442172
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200805
LR  - 20200805
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 5
DP  - 2020
TI  - Use of sediment dwelling bivalves to biomonitor plastic particle pollution in 
      intertidal regions; A review and study.
PG  - e0232879
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0232879 [doi]
LID - e0232879
AB  - We explore the possibility of using the varnish (Nutallia obscurata) and Manila 
      (Venerupis philippinarum) clams as biomonitors of microplastics (MPs) pollution. 
      A short review is first provided on the use of bivalves for biomonitoring MPs in 
      aquatic ecosystems. From the conclusions drawn from our review we determine if 
      the sediment dwelling varnish and Manila clam could possibly be good choices for 
      this purpose. We sampled 8 intertidal sites located within two distinct regions 
      of coastal British Columbia, Burrard Inlet (5 sites) and Baynes Sound (3 sites). 
      Each intertidal region had its own particular use; within Burrard Inlet, BMP a 
      heavily used marine park, CP, EB, J, and AP, popular local beaches, and within 
      Baynes Sound, Met and NHB, two intertidal regions heavily exploited by the 
      shellfish industry and RU an intertidal region with limited aquaculture activity. 
      Microfragments were recovered from bivalves collected from all intertidal regions 
      except for AP. Microspheres were recovered primarily from bivalves sampled from 
      Baynes Sound at NHB where high numbers of spheres within sediments had previously 
      been reported. BMP and Met had the highest number of particles present within 
      individual clams which were predominantly high density polyethylene (HDPE) and a 
      polypropylene composite (PPC). Both polymers are extensively used by the 
      shellfish industry in all gear types, as well as in industrial and recreational 
      marine activities. The spatial distribution of recovered MPs was indicative of 
      the anthropogenic use of the intertidal region suggesting these bivalves, for 
      microfragments and microspheres, may be suitable as biomonitors and could prove 
      to be useful tools for determining whether reduction policies for plastics use 
      are having a positive effect on their release into marine environments.
FAU - Bendell, L I
AU  - Bendell LI
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1852-3606
AD  - Ecotoxicology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences. Faculty of 
      Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
FAU - LeCadre, E
AU  - LeCadre E
AD  - PolyTech Clermont-Ferrand, Aubiere, France.
FAU - Zhou, W
AU  - Zhou W
AD  - Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, 
      Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20200522
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Microplastics)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Aquaculture/instrumentation
MH  - *Bivalvia/chemistry/growth & development
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Geologic Sediments
MH  - Mass Spectrometry
MH  - *Microplastics/analysis
MH  - Oceans and Seas
MH  - Spatial Analysis
MH  - *Water Pollution/analysis
PMC - PMC7244099
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2020/05/23 06:00
MHDA- 2020/08/06 06:00
PMCR- 2020/05/22
CRDT- 2020/05/23 06:00
PHST- 2019/12/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/03/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/05/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/05/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/08/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/05/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-19-33760 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0232879 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2020 May 22;15(5):e0232879. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232879. 
      eCollection 2020.