PMID- 32442876
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200710
LR  - 20200710
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 733
DP  - 2020 Sep 1
TI  - The microorganism and biochar-augmented bioreactive top-layer soil for 
      degradation removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from surface runoff.
PG  - 139244
LID - S0048-9697(20)32761-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139244 [doi]
AB  - Surface runoff is one of the major pollution sources impacting the quality of the 
      surrounding waterbody. In this study, a highly-bioreactive top-layer soil 
      incorporated with microorganism (BO) and peanut shell (PS) biochar or dairy 
      manure (DM) biochar was proposed for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from 
      contaminated surface runoff. Both batch test and sandbox experiment consistently 
      revealed that PS coupled with BO amendment (PS + BO) was most effective for 
      sorption and degradation of 2,4-DCP, compared to BO and DM alone or in 
      combination. About 77% of 6000 mug∙L(-1) 2,4-DCP was absorbed within 36 h in the 
      original low permeability bioreactive PS + BO soil layer (15 cm longx15 cm 
      widex4.5 cm deep) with the 0.33 L∙day(-1) processing capacity of surface runoff. 
      Increasing the addition of quartz sand into the bioreactor soil layer by 
      threefold the original bioreactor improved the processing capacity to 
      17.5 L∙day(-1). However, this permeability-optimized bioreactive layer was still 
      not large enough to remove 2,4-DCP completely. The optimized scale by the 
      multi-process coupling model of the convection, dispersion, adsorption, and 
      degradation was 60 cm long x 60 cm wide x 18 cm deep where the processing 
      capacity of 280 L.day(-1)reached and 97.3% of 2,4-DCP was removed, 
      correspondingly the 2,4-DCP concentration could meet the standard limit. In 
      addition, the obtained model parameters showed that the biochar or microorganism 
      significantly decreased the dispersion coefficient D of 2,4-DCP in the 
      bioreactive layer. The 2,4-DCP distribution coefficient K(d), and first-order 
      reaction rate lambda in the PS+BO system significantly greater than that in the 
      control, BO, and PS systems. Results from this study indicated that the top-layer 
      soil incorporated with microorganisms and biochar is a feasible and effective 
      approach for the surface runoff treatment.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Wang, Wenbing
AU  - Wang W
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 
      Shanghai 200240, China.
FAU - Zhao, Ling
AU  - Zhao L
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 
      Shanghai 200240, China.
FAU - Cao, Xinde
AU  - Cao X
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 
      Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological 
      Security, Shanghai 200092, China. Electronic address: xdcao@sjtu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200508
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Chlorophenols)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (biochar)
RN  - 16291-96-6 (Charcoal)
RN  - R669TG1950 (2,4-dichlorophenol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adsorption
MH  - Charcoal
MH  - *Chlorophenols
MH  - Soil
MH  - Soil Pollutants/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 2,4-dichlorophenol
OT  - Biochar
OT  - Microorganism
OT  - Surface runoff
OT  - Top-layer soil bioreactor
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/05/23 06:00
MHDA- 2020/07/11 06:00
CRDT- 2020/05/23 06:00
PHST- 2020/03/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/04/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/05/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/05/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/07/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/05/23 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(20)32761-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139244 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2020 Sep 1;733:139244. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139244. 
      Epub 2020 May 8.