PMID- 32443678
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210216
LR  - 20210216
IS  - 2072-6643 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6643 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2020 May 20
TI  - The Effect of Ingesting Carbohydrate and Proteins on Athletic Performance: A 
      Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
LID - 10.3390/nu12051483 [doi]
LID - 1483
AB  - Endurance athletes participating in sporting events may be required to complete 
      multiple training sessions a day or on successive days with a limited recovery 
      time. Nutritional interventions that enhance the restoration of endogenous fuel 
      stores (e.g., liver and muscle glycogen) and improve muscle damage repair have 
      received a lot of attention. The purpose of this review is to investigate the 
      effect of ingesting carbohydrate (CHO) and protein (PRO) on athletic performance. 
      Studies were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE. 
      Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to examine the intervention efficacy. 
      A total of 30 randomized controlled trials (RCT), comprising 43 trials and 326 
      participants in total, were included in this review. The meta-analysis showed an 
      overall significant effect in Time-To-Exhaustion (TTE) and Time-Trial (TT) 
      performance, when ingesting carbohydrates and proteins (CHO-PRO) compared to 
      CHO-only (p = 0.03 and p = 0.0007, respectively). A subgroup analysis 
      demonstrated a significant effect in TTE by ingesting CHO-PRO compared to CHO, 
      when supplements were provided during and/or following an exercise bout. CHO-PRO 
      significantly improved TTE compared to CHO-only, when a long-term recovery (i.e., 
      >/=8 h) was implemented (p = 0.001). However, no effect was found when the recovery 
      time was short-term (i.e., </=8 h). No significant effect was observed when CHO-PRO 
      and CHO-only supplements were isocaloric. However, a significant improved TTE was 
      evident with CHO-PRO compared to CHO-only, when the supplements were matched for 
      carbohydrate content (p < 0.00001). In conclusion, co-ingesting carbohydrates and 
      proteins appears to enhance TTE and TT performance compared to CHO-only and 
      presents a compelling alternate feeding strategy for athletes.
FAU - Kloby Nielsen, Lotte Lina
AU  - Kloby Nielsen LL
AD  - Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Dalgas 
      Avenue 4, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
AD  - Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens 
      Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
FAU - Tandrup Lambert, Max Norman
AU  - Tandrup Lambert MN
AD  - Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens 
      Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
FAU - Jeppesen, Per Bendix
AU  - Jeppesen PB
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8042-7554
AD  - Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens 
      Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
LA  - eng
GR  - No number/Future food innovation- European Union/
GR  - No Number/Institut for Klinisk Medicin, Aarhus Universitet/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Meta-Analysis
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20200520
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nutrients
JT  - Nutrients
JID - 101521595
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Proteins)
RN  - 9005-79-2 (Glycogen)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Athletes
MH  - Athletic Performance/*physiology
MH  - Databases, Factual
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*metabolism
MH  - Dietary Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Eating
MH  - Glycogen/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
MH  - Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/*physiology
MH  - Time Factors
PMC - PMC7284704
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - athletic performance
OT  - carbohydrate
OT  - protein
OT  - sports nutrition
OT  - time-to-exhaustion
OT  - time-trial
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2020/05/24 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/17 06:00
PMCR- 2020/05/01
CRDT- 2020/05/24 06:00
PHST- 2020/04/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/05/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/05/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/05/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/05/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/05/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nu12051483 [pii]
AID - nutrients-12-01483 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nu12051483 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutrients. 2020 May 20;12(5):1483. doi: 10.3390/nu12051483.