PMID- 32446048
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200710
LR  - 20200710
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 733
DP  - 2020 Sep 1
TI  - Life history and social structure as drivers of persistent organic pollutant 
      levels and stable isotopes in Hawaiian false killer whales (Pseudorca 
      crassidens).
PG  - 138880
LID - S0048-9697(20)32397-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138880 [doi]
AB  - False killer whales are long-lived, slow to mature, apex predators, and therefore 
      susceptible to bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Hawaiian 
      waters are home to three distinct populations: pelagic; Northwestern Hawaiian 
      Islands (NWHI) insular; and main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) insular. Following a 
      precipitous decline over recent decades, the MHI population was listed as 
      "endangered" under the Endangered Species Act in 2012. This study assesses the 
      risk of POP exposure to these populations by examining pollutant concentrations 
      and ratios from blubber samples (n = 56) related to life history characteristics 
      and MHI social clusters. Samples were analyzed for PCBs, DDTs, PBDEs, and some 
      organochlorine pesticides. Skin samples (n = 52) were analyzed for stable 
      isotopes delta(13)C and delta(15)N to gain insight into MHI false killer whale foraging 
      ecology. Pollutant levels were similar among populations, although MHI whales had 
      a significantly higher mean ratio of DDTs/PCBs than NWHI whales. The  summation operatorPCB 
      concentrations of 28 MHI individuals (68%) sampled were equal to or greater than 
      suggested thresholds for deleterious health effects in marine mammals. The 
      highest POP values among our samples were found in four stranded MHI animals. 
      Eight of 24 MHI adult females have not been documented to have given birth; 
      whether they have yet to reproduce, are reproductive senescent, or are 
      experiencing reproductive dysfunction related to high POP exposure is unknown. 
      Juvenile/sub-adults had significantly higher concentrations of certain 
      contaminants than those measured in adults, and may be at greater risk of 
      negative health effects during development. Multivariate analyses, POP ratios, 
      and stable isotope ratios indicate varying risk of POP exposure, foraging 
      locations and potentially prey items among MHI social clusters. Our findings 
      provide invaluable insight into the ongoing risk POPs pose to the MHI 
      population's viability, as well as consideration of risk for the NWHI and pelagic 
      stocks.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Kratofil, Michaela A
AU  - Kratofil MA
AD  - Cascadia Research Collective, 218(1/2) W. 4th Avenue, Olympia, WA 98501, USA. 
      Electronic address: mkratofil@cascadiaresearch.org.
FAU - Ylitalo, Gina M
AU  - Ylitalo GM
AD  - Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science 
      Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
      Association, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA. Electronic 
      address: ginaylitalo@comcast.net.
FAU - Mahaffy, Sabre D
AU  - Mahaffy SD
AD  - Cascadia Research Collective, 218(1/2) W. 4th Avenue, Olympia, WA 98501, USA. 
      Electronic address: mahaffys@cascadiaresearch.org.
FAU - West, Kristi L
AU  - West KL
AD  - Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA; Human 
      Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human 
      Resources, 1955 East West Road, Ag Sci 216, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. Electronic 
      address: kristiw@hawaii.edu.
FAU - Baird, Robin W
AU  - Baird RW
AD  - Cascadia Research Collective, 218(1/2) W. 4th Avenue, Olympia, WA 98501, USA; Hawai'i 
      Institute of Marine Biology, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA. Electronic 
      address: rwbaird@cascadiaresearch.org.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200504
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Isotopes)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Dolphins
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants
MH  - Female
MH  - Hawaii
MH  - Isotopes
MH  - *Polychlorinated Biphenyls
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Carbon
OT  - Cetaceans
OT  - Endangered species
OT  - Nitrogen
OT  - POPs
OT  - Pacific
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2020/05/24 06:00
MHDA- 2020/07/11 06:00
CRDT- 2020/05/24 06:00
PHST- 2020/03/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/04/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/04/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/05/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/07/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/05/24 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(20)32397-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138880 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2020 Sep 1;733:138880. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138880. 
      Epub 2020 May 4.