PMID- 32450450 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201214 LR - 20201214 IS - 1873-6750 (Electronic) IS - 0160-4120 (Linking) VI - 141 DP - 2020 Aug TI - Prenatal and early childhood phthalate exposures and thyroid function among school-age children. PG - 105782 LID - S0160-4120(20)30504-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105782 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Limited studies have investigated the association between prenatal and early childhood phthalate exposures and thyroid function among children. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between early life phthalate exposure and thyroid function among school-age children, considering both prenatal and early childhood exposures, using longitudinal data from an established prospective cohort. METHODS: We measured urinary phthalate metabolite levels during pregnancy and at 2, 4, and 6 years of age and conducted thyroid function tests at 6 years of age. We assessed the associations between phthalate metabolite levels and thyroid function using linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models (n = 492). RESULTS: In linear regression models, a doubling of urinary mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) levels, measured during pregnancy and at 4 years of age, was associated with lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels at 6 years of age (-5.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.8%, -1.0% and -5.7%, 95% CI: -9.7%, -1.5%, respectively). A similar association was found between mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) levels at 4 years of age and TSH levels at 6 years of age (-5.5%, 95% CI: -9.7%, -1.1%). Urinary mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) (2.3%, 95% CI: 0.1%, 4.5%) and MEOHP levels at 2 years of age (2.2%, 95% CI: 0.1%, 4.4%) and mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate (1.4%, 95% CI: 0.1%, 2.7%) and mono-benzyl phthalate levels at 6 years of age (1.1%, 95% CI: 0.4%, 1.9%) were associated with higher triiodothyronine (T3) levels at 6 years of age. Urinary MnBP during pregnancy, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MnBP at 4 years of age were also associated with lower free thyroxine (fT4) x TSH. In BKMR models, urinary MnBP levels during pregnancy were associated with lower TSH levels and fT4 x TSH (both posterior inclusion probabilities: 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that early life phthalate exposure influences subsequent thyroid function. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously, because a single spot urine sample was used to quantify the phthalate exposures at each time point. CI - Copyright (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. FAU - Kim, Kyoung-Nam AU - Kim KN AD - Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Hwa Young AU - Kim HY AD - Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lim, Youn-Hee AU - Lim YH AD - Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. FAU - Shin, Choong Ho AU - Shin CH AD - Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Johanna Inhyang AU - Kim JI AD - Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Bung-Nyun AU - Kim BN AD - Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. FAU - Lee, Young Ah AU - Lee YA AD - Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: nina337@snu.ac.kr. FAU - Hong, Yun-Chul AU - Hong YC AD - Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ychong1@snu.ac.kr. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20200522 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Int JT - Environment international JID - 7807270 RN - 0 (Environmental Pollutants) RN - 0 (Phthalic Acids) RN - 6O7F7IX66E (phthalic acid) SB - IM MH - Bayes Theorem MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Environmental Exposure MH - *Environmental Pollutants MH - Female MH - Humans MH - *Phthalic Acids MH - Pregnancy MH - Prospective Studies MH - Schools MH - Thyroid Gland OTO - NOTNLM OT - Bayesian kernel machine regression OT - Children OT - Cohort OT - Phthalate OT - Thyroid COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2020/05/26 06:00 MHDA- 2020/12/15 06:00 CRDT- 2020/05/26 06:00 PHST- 2020/02/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/04/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/04/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/05/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/12/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/05/26 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0160-4120(20)30504-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105782 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Int. 2020 Aug;141:105782. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105782. Epub 2020 May 22.