PMID- 32512296
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200806
LR  - 20200806
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 737
DP  - 2020 Oct 1
TI  - Eighty years of chemical exposure profiles of persistent organic pollutants 
      reconstructed through baleen whale earplugs.
PG  - 139564
LID - S0048-9697(20)33081-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139564 [doi]
AB  - Despite decades of effort, significant knowledge gaps still exist regarding the 
      global transport and distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in 
      marine ecosystems, especially for periods prior to the 1970s. Furthermore, for 
      long-lived marine mammals such as baleen whales, POPs impacts on early 
      developmental (first years of life), as well as lifetime exposure profiles for 
      periods of use and phase-out, are not well characterized. Recently, analytical 
      techniques capable of reconstructing lifetime (i.e., birth to death; ~6 mos. 
      resolution) chemical exposure profiles in baleen whale earplugs have been 
      developed. Earplugs represent a unique opportunity to examine the spatiotemporal 
      trends of POPs in the marine ecosystem. Baleen whale earplugs were collected from 
      six whales (one blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) and five fin whales 
      (Balaenoptera physalus)), including four from archived collections and two from 
      recent strandings. Lifespans for some of these individuals date back to the 1930s 
      and provide insight into early periods of POP use. POP concentrations (reported 
      in ng g(-1) dry wt.) were determined in laminae (n = 35) and were combined with 
      age estimates and calendar year to reconstruct lifetime POP exposure profiles and 
      lifetime bioaccumulation rates. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and 
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were found to be the most dominant POPs 
      (spanning the past 80 y), were detected as early as the 1930s and were ubiquitous 
      in the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Lifetime bioaccumulation rates 
      determined using baleen whale earplugs were 56 times higher in the North Pacific 
      as compared to the North Atlantic. This suggest baleen whales from the North 
      Pacific may be to be exposed to increased levels of POPs.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Winfield, Zach C
AU  - Winfield ZC
AD  - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA.
FAU - Mansouri, Farzaneh
AU  - Mansouri F
AD  - Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA.
FAU - Potter, Charles W
AU  - Potter CW
AD  - Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of 
      Natural History, Wash, DC 20013, USA.
FAU - Sabin, Richard
AU  - Sabin R
AD  - Division of Vertebrates, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, 
      London SW7 5BD, UK.
FAU - Trumble, Stephen J
AU  - Trumble SJ
AD  - Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA.
FAU - Usenko, Sascha
AU  - Usenko S
AD  - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; 
      Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; 
      Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of 
      Natural History, Wash, DC 20013, USA. Electronic address: 
      Sascha_Usenko@baylor.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200520
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Atlantic Ocean
MH  - Ear Protective Devices
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants
MH  - *Polychlorinated Biphenyls
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bioaccumulation rates
OT  - Marine mammals
OT  - Maternal offloading
OT  - POPs
OT  - Whale earwax earplug
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing financial 
      interests.
EDAT- 2020/06/09 06:00
MHDA- 2020/08/07 06:00
CRDT- 2020/06/09 06:00
PHST- 2019/09/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/05/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/05/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/06/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/08/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/06/09 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(20)33081-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139564 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2020 Oct 1;737:139564. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139564. 
      Epub 2020 May 20.