PMID- 32526872 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200928 IS - 2076-0817 (Print) IS - 2076-0817 (Electronic) IS - 2076-0817 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 6 DP - 2020 Jun 9 TI - Local Lung Immune Response to Mycobacterium bovis Challenge after BCG and M. bovis Heat-Inactivated Vaccination in European Badger (Meles meles). LID - 10.3390/pathogens9060456 [doi] LID - 456 AB - Tuberculosis (TB) vaccination could be used as a key part of integrated strategies for the disease's control if an effective and safe vaccine under field conditions is obtained. Recent studies in Spain have evaluated the protective efficacy of two oral vaccines against experimental challenge with live intra-bronchial Mycobacterium bovis in captive badgers: the live-attenuated M. bovis BCG vaccine (Danish strain) and a heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) vaccine. With the objective of increasing the knowledge of the cellular development progress of infection and generating further tools to discriminate between mild and severe TB lesions between and within animals, the immunopathology of tuberculous lesions was studied to characterize the local immune response (cell type profile) within lung granulomas from control (non-vaccinated), BCG vaccinated and HIMB-vaccinated experimentally infected badgers with M. bovis. Four immunohistochemical protocols, for the specific detection of macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and plasma cells within TB granulomas in formalin fixed sections of the right middle lung lobe (lobe targeted for the M. bovis delivery), were performed. Immunolabelled sections were scanned and five randomly selected areas were analyzed with digital image analysis software. The results were expressed as the proportion of the positively immunolabelled area within the total area of the selected site. Data was analyzed using the statistical analysis software (SAS). In the three treatment groups, macrophages were the most abundant inflammatory cells within the granulomas, followed by B lymphocytes and plasma cells. T lymphocyes were absent in those granulomas. This would suggest a predominance of a non-specific innate response mediated by phagocytic cells over an adaptative humoral immune response. The proportion of macrophages and plasma cells was higher in BCG and HIMB-vaccinated badgers, respectively, suggesting the establishment of an adaptative humoral response in HIMB-vaccinated badgers. The lower bacterial load at the lung level, as well as the volume of lesions in lungs using magnetic resonance imaging in badgers with the HIMB vaccine in relation with local immune response presented, must be highlighted, since it would be an advantage in favor of its use under field conditions in terms of reducing TB transmission and environmental contamination. FAU - Blanco Vazquez, Cristina AU - Blanco Vazquez C AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4501-2537 AD - Centro de Biotecnologia Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33394 Gijon, Asturias, Spain. FAU - Prieto, Miguel AU - Prieto M AD - Centro de Biotecnologia Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33394 Gijon, Asturias, Spain. FAU - Barral, Marta AU - Barral M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3749-1221 AD - Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agrario, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain. FAU - Juste, Ramon Antonio AU - Juste RA AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6037-5873 AD - Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agrario, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain. FAU - Lesellier, Sandrine AU - Lesellier S AD - Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife (ANSES), 54220 Malzeville, France. FAU - Salguero, Francisco Javier AU - Salguero FJ AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5315-3882 AD - Public Health England, PHE Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK. FAU - Dave, Dipesh AU - Dave D AD - Bacteriology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge KT15 3NB, UK. FAU - Martinez, Ileana Zorhaya AU - Martinez IZ AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain. AD - Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Popular Autonoma del Estado de Puebla, UPAEP Universidad, 72410 Puebla, Mexico. FAU - de Garnica Garcia, Maria Gracia AU - de Garnica Garcia MG AD - Micros Veterinaria, 24071 Leon, Spain. FAU - Casais, Rosa AU - Casais R AD - Centro de Biotecnologia Animal, Servicio Regional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33394 Gijon, Asturias, Spain. FAU - Balseiro, Ana AU - Balseiro A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5121-7264 AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, 24071 Leon, Spain. AD - Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganaderia de Montana (CSIC-Universidad de Leon), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346 Leon, Spain. LA - eng GR - RTI2018-096010-B-C21 (FEDER co-funded)/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MCIU) and the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI)/ GR - PCTI 2018-2020 (GRUPIN: IDI2018-000237) and FEDER/Gobierno del Principado de Asturias/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200609 PL - Switzerland TA - Pathogens JT - Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101596317 PMC - PMC7350352 OTO - NOTNLM OT - BCG vaccine OT - Mycobacterium bovis heat-inactivated (HIMB) vaccine OT - badger OT - granuloma OT - immunohistochemistry OT - tuberculosis COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2020/06/13 06:00 MHDA- 2020/06/13 06:01 PMCR- 2020/06/01 CRDT- 2020/06/13 06:00 PHST- 2020/05/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/06/04 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/06/08 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/06/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/06/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/06/13 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2020/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - pathogens9060456 [pii] AID - pathogens-09-00456 [pii] AID - 10.3390/pathogens9060456 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Pathogens. 2020 Jun 9;9(6):456. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9060456.