PMID- 32527116
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20211019
LR  - 20211019
IS  - 2304-3873 (Electronic)
IS  - 2304-3865 (Print)
IS  - 2304-3865 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 1
DP  - 2021 Feb
TI  - Hepatocellular carcinoma, novel therapies on the horizon.
PG  - 12
LID - 10.21037/cco-20-113 [doi]
AB  - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and is 
      associated with high mortality rate. Incidence remains high due to the persistent 
      prevalence of viral hepatitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver 
      disease (NFLD). Despite screening efforts, the majority of patients present with 
      advanced disease, add to the high risk of recurrence after curative surgery. 
      Conventional chemotherapy did not alter the nature history of advanced and 
      metastatic HCC. The discovery of multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) led 
      to the approval of sorafenib as first efficacious therapy. A new era in the 
      treatment paradigm of HCC is evolving. Since the advent of sorafenib as an active 
      treatment option for patients presenting with advanced or metastatic disease, 
      several agents have been examined. This was linked with many failures, and 
      success stories to celebrate. Herein, we describe the historical progress and 
      current advances of systemic therapies post-sorafenib. Lenvatinib, regorafenib, 
      cabozantinib, ramucirumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab, are all presently added 
      and available therapeutic options in the advanced setting. The evaluation of 
      novel treatment combinations including anti-angiogenic, TKIs plus checkpoint 
      inhibitors, add to dual checkpoint inhibitors is evolving rapidly starting with 
      the advent of the combination of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. Combining local 
      and systemic therapies is being actively investigated, as an option for locally 
      advanced disease conventionally treated with locoregional approaches. The horizon 
      remains promising and continues to evolve for HCC a disease long considered with 
      unmet needs.
FAU - El Dika, Imane
AU  - El Dika I
AD  - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Medical College 
      at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
FAU - Makki, Iman
AU  - Makki I
AD  - Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai St. Luke's West, New York, NY, USA.
FAU - Abou-Alfa, Ghassan K
AU  - Abou-Alfa GK
AD  - Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Medical College 
      at Cornell University, New York, NY, USA. abou-alg@mskcc.org.
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200609
PL  - China
TA  - Chin Clin Oncol
JT  - Chinese clinical oncology
JID - 101608375
RN  - 9ZOQ3TZI87 (Sorafenib)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunotherapy
MH  - *Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
MH  - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
MH  - Sorafenib
PMC - PMC8279038
MID - NIHMS1722108
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
OT  - immunotherapy
OT  - tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)
COIS- Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure 
      form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/cco-20-113). The series 
      "Hepatocellular Carcinoma" was commissioned by the editorial office without any 
      funding or sponsorship. GKAA serves as an unpaid associate editor-in-chief of 
      Chinese Clinical Oncology from October 2017 to September 2022. GKAA reports 
      grants from ActaBiologica, Agios, Array, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Beigene, BMS, Casi, 
      Celgene, Exelixis, Genentech, Halozyme, Incyte, Mabvax, Polaris Puma, QED, Roche, 
      personal fees from Agios, Astra Zeneca, Autem, Bayer, Beigene, Berry Genomics, 
      Celgene, CytomX, Debio, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Flatiron, Genentech, Gilead, Incyte, 
      Ipsen, LAM, Loxo, Merck, MINA, QED, Redhill, Roche, Silenseed, Sillajen, Sobi, 
      Therabionics, Twoxar, Vector, Yiviva, outside the submitted work. In addition, 
      GKAA has a patent ARTICLES AND METHODS FOR PREVENTING AND TREATING DERMATOLOGIC 
      ADVERSE EVENTS, identified by International Patent Application No. 
      PCT/US2014/031545 filed on March 24, 2014, and priority application Serial No.: 
      61/804,907; Filed: March 25, 2013 issued. The other authors have no other 
      conflicts of interest to declare.
EDAT- 2020/06/13 06:00
MHDA- 2021/10/21 06:00
PMCR- 2021/07/14
CRDT- 2020/06/13 06:00
PHST- 2020/03/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/05/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/06/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/10/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/06/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/07/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - cco-20-113 [pii]
AID - 10.21037/cco-20-113 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chin Clin Oncol. 2021 Feb;10(1):12. doi: 10.21037/cco-20-113. Epub 2020 Jun 9.