PMID- 32530969
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200825
LR  - 20200825
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 6
DP  - 2020
TI  - Effects of the amount and type of carbohydrates used in type 2 diabetes diets in 
      animal models: A systematic review.
PG  - e0233364
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0233364 [doi]
LID - e0233364
AB  - Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is among the most prevalent diseases in the 
      world, affecting over 420 million people. The disease is marked by a poor 
      metabolic effect of insulin leading to chronic hyperglycaemia, which can result 
      in microvascular complications. It is widely known that postprandial glycaemia is 
      reliant on the total carbohydrate content of a meal. However, the importance of 
      the amount and the source of these carbohydrates remains controversial due to 
      mechanisms other than insulin secretion. Oxidative stress, inflammation, pyruvate 
      production and the quality of the intestinal microbiota, resulting in plasma 
      lipopolysaccharides and short-chain fatty acids production, play an important 
      role in blood sugar control and consequently in type 2 diabetes. Thus, we 
      systematically reviewed the preclinical evidences on the impact of the amount and 
      type of carbohydrate found in different diets and its influence on blood glucose 
      levels in diabetic animals. We used a comprehensive and structured search in 
      biomedical databases Medline (PubMed), Scopus and Web of Science, recovering and 
      analyzing 27 original studies. Results showed that sucrose-rich diets 
      deteriorated diabetic condition in animal models regardless of the total dietary 
      carbohydrate content. On the other hand, fiber, particularly resistant starch, 
      improved blood glucose parameters through direct and indirect mechanisms, such as 
      delayed gastric emptying and improved gut microbiota. All studies used rodents as 
      animal models and male animals were preferred over females. Improvements in T2DM 
      parameters in animal models were more closely related to the type of dietary 
      carbohydrate than to its content on a diet, i. e., resistant starch seems to be 
      the most beneficial source for maintaining normoglycemia. Results show that 
      current literature is at high risk of bias due to neglecting experimental 
      methods.
FAU - Marques, Anaisa Martins
AU  - Marques AM
AD  - Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 
      Brazil.
FAU - Linhares, Barbara Silva
AU  - Linhares BS
AD  - Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 
      Brazil.
FAU - Dias Novaes, Romulo
AU  - Dias Novaes R
AD  - Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas 
      Gerais, Brazil.
FAU - Freitas, Mariella Bontempo
AU  - Freitas MB
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5132-242X
AD  - Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 
      Brazil.
FAU - Sarandy, Mariaurea Matias
AU  - Sarandy MM
AD  - Department of General Biology, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas 
      Gerais, Brazil.
FAU - Goncalves, Reggiani Vilela
AU  - Goncalves RV
AD  - Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, Minas Gerais, 
      Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20200612
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Fiber)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Sucrose)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Triglycerides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/*diet therapy/metabolism
MH  - Diet/methods
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*analysis/metabolism
MH  - Dietary Fiber/metabolism
MH  - Dietary Sucrose/metabolism
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin/metabolism
MH  - Insulin Secretion/drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Postprandial Period/physiology
MH  - Triglycerides/blood
PMC - PMC7292416
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2020/06/13 06:00
MHDA- 2020/08/26 06:00
PMCR- 2020/06/12
CRDT- 2020/06/13 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/05/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/06/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/06/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/08/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/06/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-19-23180 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0233364 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2020 Jun 12;15(6):e0233364. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233364. 
      eCollection 2020.