PMID- 32534238
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200817
LR  - 20200817
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 265
IP  - Pt A
DP  - 2020 Oct
TI  - Rapid evaluation of ammonium in different rain events minimizing needed volume by 
      a cost-effective and sustainable PDMS supported solid sensor.
PG  - 114911
LID - S0269-7491(20)32503-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114911 [doi]
AB  - The presence of ammonium ion in rainwater is due to atmospheric processes which 
      involve its scavenging from gas phase and particulate matter. The fractionated 
      samplings of rainwater can provide information about these processes and their 
      potential sources. However, only a low sample volume may be available, which 
      constrained the analysis in general and more particularly in situ mode. For 
      minimizing this limitation, this work proposes a polydimethylsiloxane 
      (PDMS)-salicylate sensor that produces a color change. The embedding of solid 
      reagents into PDMS was optimized. Good analytical characteristics (analysis time 
      of 10 min, sample volume of 500 muL, limit of detection 0.03 mugmL(-1)) were 
      obtained. Furthermore, other features of the method such as carbon footprint, 
      equipment cost, residues, toxicity and safety have to be taken into account to be 
      assessed according to the Green Analytical Chemistry approach. In this sense, the 
      hexagon tool was employed for comparing the proposed sensor with methods based on 
      the same reaction as well as with general methods for the ammonium analysis in 
      water (using luminol, ion selective electrode, Nessler and modified Roth method). 
      The proposed method based on PDMS-salicylate sensor stands out from all the 
      others by its sustainability, particularly, in terms of low carbon footprint, 
      residues and cost. The method was applied to fractionated samplings in a suburban 
      site (Galicia, Northwestern Spain) and a higher contribution of the rainout 
      process was observed. When long-duration rain events were analyzed, a 
      relationship between the sampling time and ammonium concentration could indicate 
      a loss of ammonium ion over time. The research focuses on developing an 
      innovative PDMS-sensor, for monitoring ammonium determination in rainwater under 
      wide conditions (scavenging process).
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Prieto-Blanco, Maria Carmen
AU  - Prieto-Blanco MC
AD  - Universidade da Coruna, Grupo QANAP, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente 
      (IUMA), Centro de Investigacions Cientificas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de 
      Quimica, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071, A Coruna, Spain. Electronic 
      address: mcprieto@udc.es.
FAU - Ballester-Caudet, Ana
AU  - Ballester-Caudet A
AD  - Grupo MINTOTA, Departament de Quimica Analitica, Facultat de Quimica, Universitat 
      de Valencia, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, E46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
FAU - Souto-Varela, Francisco Javier
AU  - Souto-Varela FJ
AD  - Universidade da Coruna, Grupo QANAP, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente 
      (IUMA), Centro de Investigacions Cientificas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de 
      Quimica, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071, A Coruna, Spain.
FAU - Lopez-Mahia, Purificacion
AU  - Lopez-Mahia P
AD  - Universidade da Coruna, Grupo QANAP, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente 
      (IUMA), Centro de Investigacions Cientificas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de 
      Quimica, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071, A Coruna, Spain.
FAU - Campins-Falco, Pilar
AU  - Campins-Falco P
AD  - Grupo MINTOTA, Departament de Quimica Analitica, Facultat de Quimica, Universitat 
      de Valencia, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, E46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200604
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0 (Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Dimethylpolysiloxanes)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Ammonium Compounds
MH  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
MH  - Dimethylpolysiloxanes
MH  - Rain
MH  - Spain
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ammonium
OT  - Hexagon-CALIFICAMET pictogram
OT  - PDMS-Salicylate sensor
OT  - Rainout
OT  - Rainwater
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2020/06/14 06:00
MHDA- 2020/08/18 06:00
CRDT- 2020/06/14 06:00
PHST- 2020/04/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/05/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/05/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/06/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/08/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/06/14 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0269-7491(20)32503-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114911 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2020 Oct;265(Pt A):114911. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114911. 
      Epub 2020 Jun 4.