PMID- 32535132
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210218
LR  - 20210218
IS  - 1532-0456 (Print)
IS  - 1532-0456 (Linking)
VI  - 237
DP  - 2020 Nov
TI  - Evaluation of boscalid toxicity on Daphnia magna by using antioxidant enzyme 
      activities, the expression of genes related to antioxidant and detoxification 
      systems, and life-history parameters.
PG  - 108830
LID - S1532-0456(20)30130-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108830 [doi]
AB  - Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide commonly used to 
      control a range of plant pathogens. Although it is one of the most common 
      fungicides in the aquatic environment, the potential adverse effects of boscalid 
      on freshwater invertebrates still remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate 
      the toxicity of boscalid on Daphnia magna (D. magna) and provide new information 
      to assess the eco-toxicity of the boscalid on aquatic invertebrates. The effects 
      of boscalid on malondialdehyde (MDA) level, activities of antioxidant enzymes 
      such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase 
      (GST) and the mRNA level of genes associated with antioxidant system (sod, cat, 
      and gst) and detoxification (cytochrome P450 4 (cyp4) and nuclear respiratory 
      factor 1 (nrf1)) were determined after 48 h treatment. The effect of boscalid on 
      reproduction and development of D. magna was evaluated by a 21-d-chronic toxicity 
      test. Boscalid dose-dependently altered activities of SOD, CAT, and GST and led 
      to lipid peroxidation during acute exposure in D. magna. Exposure to 5 and 
      10 mg/L boscalid also significantly decreased gene expression of sod, gst, cyp4 
      and nrf1 but increased cat gene expression. Furthermore, chronic toxicity results 
      showed that exposure to boscalid decreased molting frequency, number of neonates 
      per Daphnia, and the number of broods per female as compared to the control 
      groups. The above results indicated that boscalid had significant negative 
      impacts on D. magna, and information present here helps to evaluate the 
      eco-toxicity caused by boscalid on aquatic invertebrates.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Aksakal, Feyza Icoglu
AU  - Aksakal FI
AD  - Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk 
      University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey. Electronic address: ficoglu@atauni.edu.tr.
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20200611
PL  - United States
TA  - Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
JT  - Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP
JID - 100959500
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Biphenyl Compounds)
RN  - 25X51I8RD4 (Niacinamide)
RN  - 32MS8ZRD1V (2-chloro-N-(4-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)nicotinamide)
RN  - 4Y8F71G49Q (Malondialdehyde)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antioxidants/*metabolism
MH  - Biphenyl Compounds/*toxicity
MH  - Daphnia/*drug effects/*enzymology
MH  - Inactivation, Metabolic
MH  - Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
MH  - Malondialdehyde/metabolism
MH  - Niacinamide/*analogs & derivatives/toxicity
MH  - Oxidative Stress/drug effects
MH  - Toxicity Tests, Acute/methods
MH  - Toxicity Tests, Chronic/methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Boscalid
OT  - Chronic toxicity
OT  - Daphnia magna
OT  - Gene expression
OT  - Lipid peroxidation
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The author declares that they have no conflict 
      of interest.
EDAT- 2020/06/15 06:00
MHDA- 2021/02/20 06:00
CRDT- 2020/06/15 06:00
PHST- 2020/03/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2020/06/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2020/06/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2020/06/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/02/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2020/06/15 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1532-0456(20)30130-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108830 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2020 Nov;237:108830. doi: 
      10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108830. Epub 2020 Jun 11.