PMID- 32544554 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20210222 LR - 20210222 IS - 1095-9947 (Electronic) IS - 1050-4648 (Linking) VI - 104 DP - 2020 Sep TI - Immunomodulatory potential of extracts, fractions and pure compounds from Phyllanthus amarus and Psidium guajava on striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) head kidney leukocytes. PG - 289-303 LID - S1050-4648(20)30378-8 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.051 [doi] AB - This study aimed to identify major phytochemical constituents, as well as compare the immunomodulatory effects of Psidium guajava L. and Phyllanthus amarus Schun and Thonn crude ethanol extracts and their fractions on striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) head kidney leukocytes (HKLs). Moreover, pure constituents were also investigated for their effects on those cells: hypophyllanthin, identified as a major constituent of P. amarus crude extracts and its hexane fraction; corosolic acid, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid, identified in P. guajava crude extract, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions; with other terpenic derivatives, as well as guajaverin and avicularin, identified with other flavonoids by LC-UV-MS in the crude P. guajava extract and its ethyl acetate fraction. Cell viability, respiratory burst assay (RBA), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and lysozyme activity in HKLs were analyzed after 24 h stimulation with each extract (10, 20 and 40 mug/mL) or pure compound (7.5, 15 and 30 muM). Our results show that the hexane fraction of both plant extracts inhibited the viability of HKLs, while several other fractions enhanced the cell viability. All P. guajava fractions at all or some concentration considerably enhanced the RBA production in HKLs. Similarly, NOS production was also significantly increased by some or all concentrations of P. guajava dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. However, the NOS production was dose-dependently inhibited in HKLs treated with Pa ethyl acetate and both plants aqueous fractions at 10 or 10 and 40 mug/mL respectively. The lysozyme activity in cells treated with P. guajava crude extracts and all its organic solvent fractions were stronger than those in P. amarus treatments. Pure compounds including corosolic acid, guajaverin, ursolic acid, hypophyllanthin inhibited the HKLs viability according to concentration and type of compound. All pure compounds except avicularin significantly stimulated, at certain or all concentrations, the RBA production and/or the lysozyme activity in HKLs. The NOS production was significantly reduced in HKLs treated with oleanolic acid (30 muM) and hypophyllanthin (7.5 muM) while its level was increased by hypophyllanthin at 30 muM. These results highlighted that the crude ethanol extracts of P. guajava and P. amarus, their fractions and some of their pure components at certain concentrations can potentially act as immunomodulators, and could be considered as valuable candidates in fishery sciences. CI - Copyright (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Nhu, Truong Quynh AU - Nhu TQ AD - Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium; College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University, Campus II, Cantho City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: tqnhu@ctu.edu.vn. FAU - Dam, Nguyen Phuc AU - Dam NP AD - Department of Chemistry Education, School of Education, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Viet Nam; Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI) Pharmacognosy Research Group, Universite Catholique de Louvain, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: npdam@ctu.edu.vn. FAU - Bich Hang, Bui Thi AU - Bich Hang BT AD - College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University, Campus II, Cantho City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: btbhang@ctu.edu.vn. FAU - Bach, Le Thi AU - Bach LT AD - Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: ltbach@ctu.edu.vn. FAU - Thanh Huong, Do Thi AU - Thanh Huong DT AD - College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University, Campus II, Cantho City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: dtthuong@ctu.edu.vn. FAU - Buu Hue, Bui Thi AU - Buu Hue BT AD - Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: btbhue@ctu.edu.vn. FAU - Scippo, Marie-Louise AU - Scippo ML AD - Department of Food Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Veterinary Public Health, University of Liege, Bat. B43bis, 10 Avenue de Cureghem, Sart-Tilman, Liege, Belgium. Electronic address: mlscippo@ulg.ac.be. FAU - Phuong, Nguyen Thanh AU - Phuong NT AD - College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University, Campus II, Cantho City, Viet Nam. Electronic address: ntphuong@ctu.edu.vn. FAU - Quetin-Leclercq, Joelle AU - Quetin-Leclercq J AD - Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI) Pharmacognosy Research Group, Universite Catholique de Louvain, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: joelle.leclercq@uclouvain.be. FAU - Kestemont, Patrick AU - Kestemont P AD - Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Namur, Belgium. Electronic address: patrick.kestemont@unamur.be. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20200613 PL - England TA - Fish Shellfish Immunol JT - Fish & shellfish immunology JID - 9505220 RN - 0 (Immunologic Factors) RN - 0 (Phytochemicals) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide) RN - EC 3.2.1.17 (Muramidase) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Catfishes/*immunology MH - Head Kidney/*cytology MH - Immunologic Factors/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - Leukocytes/*drug effects/metabolism MH - Muramidase/metabolism MH - Nitric Oxide/metabolism MH - *Phyllanthus MH - Phytochemicals/analysis/*pharmacology MH - Plant Extracts/chemistry/*pharmacology MH - *Psidium MH - Respiratory Burst/drug effects OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cellular immune response OT - Fractions OT - Head kidney leukocytes OT - Lysozyme OT - Nitric oxide synthase OT - Phyllanthus amarus OT - Phytochemical constituents OT - Plant extract OT - Psidium guajava OT - Pure compound OT - Respiratory burst OT - Striped catfish EDAT- 2020/06/17 06:00 MHDA- 2021/02/23 06:00 CRDT- 2020/06/17 06:00 PHST- 2020/02/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2020/05/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2020/05/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2020/06/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2021/02/23 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2020/06/17 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1050-4648(20)30378-8 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.051 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020 Sep;104:289-303. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.051. Epub 2020 Jun 13.